民法典视野下担保合同效力的制度变迁

从担保行为历史、担保合同效力立法、司法实践的角度考查,担保制度经历了从人格向契约、再由契约向政策的变迁,各阶段的效力规定均体现了特定的社会背景并具有时代适应性。民法典对保证及物权担保合同中主从合同的效力关系进行了统一规定,其法定主义立场重申了对担保秩序稳定性的价值追求,反映了立法者在面对日新月异的担保现实时追求公平的整体目标,而在回应诸多新型担保方式的现实层面,司法则必将承担更宏大的历史重任。

On the Institutional Change of the Validity of Guarantee Contract from the Perspective of Civil Code

From the perspective of guarantee behavior history and the legislation and judicial practice on the validity of guarantee contract, the guarantee system has experienced the changes from status to contract, and then from contract to policy.The validity provisions in each stage reflect the specific social background and have the adaptability of the times. The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has unified provisions on the validity relationship between the principal and the subordinate contracts in the guarantee and real right guarantee contracts. The position of legalism restates the value pursuit for the stability of guarantee order, and reflects the legislators’ general goal of pursuing fairness in the face of the ever-changing guarantee reality. In response to the reality of many new forms of guarantee, the judiciary will surely bear a greater historical responsibility.