农地承包制度中公平与效率的矛盾及其协调——基于政策演进的视角

公平与效率的矛盾是农地承包制度发展中的固有矛盾,是影响乡村振兴战略的重要因素,研究农地承包制度中这一矛盾的协调意义重大。从政策演进的视角揭示农地承包制度发展进程中公平与效率矛盾的表现及变化,分析矛盾原因并探索缓和矛盾的有效对策。结果表明:在农地承包制度演进过程中,公平与效率的矛盾以土地细碎化、人地关系不匹配等形式存在于分配、流转、承包期及权利划分制度安排中,并呈现长期存在的趋势。这一结果的产生根源在于"公平-效率"的内生矛盾属性,并受到初始效率路径、城市容纳有限、市场资源配置能力受限等因素的影响。针对这一矛盾,需要采取转变发展思路、完善城市保障制度、推广土地流转等措施加以协调。

The Contradiction and Coordination between Fairness and Efficiency in Rural Land Contracting System:From the Perspective of Policy Evolution

The contradiction between fairness and efficiency is an inherent contradiction in the development of the rural land contracting system and is an important factor affecting the strategy of rural revitalization. It is of great significance to study the coordination of this contradiction in the rural land contracting system. From the perspective of historical evolution of the contract system, this paper reveals the manifestation and changing trend of the contradiction of"fairness-efficiency"in the process of policy development, analyses the causes of the contradiction and explores effective countermeasures to alleviate the contradiction. The results show that the contradiction between fairness and efficiency exists in the system of land allocation,land transfer system, land contract period system and right division system,which are manifested as land fragmentation and the mismatching of human-land relationship. This result is rooted in the intrinsic contradiction of "fairness-efficiency", and is influenced by the initial efficiency path, limited city accommodation, limited market capacity and other factors.In order to reconcile this contradiction, we need to take measures such as changing development ideas, improving urban security system and promoting land transfer.