国际安全制度与总体国家安全：一种理论分析

一国的总体国家安全虽然涉及方方面面，但国内政治和国际政治是贯穿这些领域的两条主线。国际安全制度构成了维护各领域国家安全的重要依托：国际安全制度能够塑造各国国家安全的外部环境，影响不同领域的国家安全利益，促进不同领域的国际安全合作，从而有利于实现各国的总体国家安全。二战结束以来，主权平等、不干涉内政和不使用武力解决国际争端等基本原则已经大大改善了全球安全环境，构成中小国家主权独立和国家安全的重要保障。同时，普遍性的国际安全原则和规范也可以应用到各个具体领域的安全规则的构建，从而直接影响各国维护相关领域国家安全的能力与利益。多边安全联盟会带来高水平的国际安全合作，促进联盟成员的总体国家安全，但也可能减损其他国家的安全水平，从而导致冲突。纯粹的区域性集体安全制度在提升各成员国家安全水平的同时，也具有合作安全和共同安全的优点。各国应该积极参与国际安全制度的构建，并有效运用国际安全制度提升本国的国家安全水平。

International Security Institutions and Holistic National Security: A Theoretical Analysis

Although the overall national security of a country involves various aspects, domestic politics and international politics are the two main threads running through these aspects. International security institutions constitute an important foundation for national security in various fields in that they can not only shape the external environment of national security for each country and affect their national security interests, but also promote international security cooperation in different fields and hence contribute to the overall national security of each country. Since the end of World War II, basic principles such as sovereign equality, non-interference in internal affairs, and non-use of force in the settlement of international disputes have greatly improved the global security environment, thus constituting important guarantees for sovereign independence and national security of small and medium-sized countries. At the same time, the generally accepted international security principles and norms can be applied to the construction of security rules in specific fields, directly affecting the interests of countries concerned and their capacities to maintain national security. Although a multilateral security alliance brings about high-level international security cooperation and enhances the overall national security of its members, it may greatly reduce the national security level of other countries and give rise to conflicts. Given that regional collective security systems featuring cooperative security and common security can raise the security level of their members, it is advisable that countries should actively participate in the construction of international security institutions and effectively utilize them to increase their national security level.