人工智能时代背景下的国家安全治理：应用范式、风险识别与路径选择

作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的核心驱动力量,人工智能技术的发展与应用在为社会提供强大发展动力的同时,也对国家安全治理造成了一系列影响。实际上,人工智能技术与国家安全之间存在一种结构性互动的关系。一方面,人工智能技术能够基于进化赋能的实践应用,从传统安全、非传统安全以及两者间的重叠领域,为国家安全提供更为有效的维护和保障机制;另一方面,人工智能技术的应用也存在着超出预期设想的可能性。因此,人工智能在国家安全治理中的应用就极易在"界域与有效性""效能与可靠性"以及"竞争与稳定性"之间出现矛盾。尤其是在因人工智能技术嵌入所导致的力量失衡以及安全格局的转变下,国家安全就极有可能在国家竞争的稳定性、社会治理的有序性与技术应用的稳定性三方面遭受巨大的冲击。需要指出的是,目前人工智能技术所导致的国家安全风险已经逐步显现,而全面评估人工智能技术对国家安全治理带来的机遇与挑战将是解决这一技术安全悖论的关键所在。为此,中国应在紧抓人工智能技术发展契机的同时,更要加强对这一技术发展潜在风险的研判和预防,从而维护好中国的国家安全与人民利益。

National Security Governance in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Paradigm, Risk Identification and Path Selection

As the core driving force of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,the development and application of artificial intelligence(AI)has exerted serious and far-reaching impact on national security governance while giving greater impetus to social development.The intrinsic interactions between the AI technology and national security have become prominent on the structural level.On the one hand,based on the practical application of evolutionary empowerment,the AI technology can provide more effective mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the fields of traditional security,non-traditional security and their overlapping areas.On the other hand,the application of the AI technology may render greater possibilities than previously thought.Therefore,the application of the AI technology in national security governance has a strong tendency to lead to contradictions between“boundary”and“effectiveness”,between“efficiency”and“reliability”,and between“competition”and“stability”.Any AI-caused imbalance of power and deteriorating security situation could comprehensively damage national security,leaving national competitiveness;social order and technological application exposed to shocks.It should be noted that the national security risks brought about by the AI technology have gradually begun to emerge,and a comprehensive assessment of the existing opportunities and challenges will be the key to solving the security issues related to the AI technology.To this end,China should not only facilitate the development of its AI technology but also strengthen the research and prevention of the potential risks of this technology so as to safeguard China’s national security and people’s interests.