印度洋安全治理制度的发展变迁与重构

21世纪以来,印度洋安全治理制度进入了一个新发展阶段,在此过程中,既创建了新的制度,也有一些旧的制度被改建或者重建。例如,在海盗问题治理领域,就形成了一系列"多层次、多主体"的新制度安排。尽管这些层次不同、范围各异的制度安排大多是非正式的,但新制度安排的出现在某种程度上反映了印度洋安全治理方式的演变。印度洋安全治理制度的发展变迁受到多重因素驱动,包括外部环境变迁、制度学习和不同制度间的竞争、重要的利益攸关国家对制度建设的重视与推动以及非国家行为体积极参与相关治理实践等。由于各种原因,目前制度发展依然面临诸多困境。未来,相关治理主体在制度发展与重构过程中应该继续发挥能动性,在参与治理实践过程中从观念层面和具体操作层面不断推动制度优化发展。

Indian Ocean Security Governance: Institutional Evolution and Reconstruction

Since the 21st century, the institutionalization of the Indian Ocean security governance has developed into a new stage. During the process of evolution, some new institutions and organizations have been created while some existing institutions have been reorganized. For instance, governance of maritime piracy and terrorism has developed into some new multi-level, multi-actor institutional arrangements. Although most of these new institutional arrangements at different levels and in different scopes are informal, the emergence of them, to some extent, reflects the evolution of maritime governance. This paper intends to point out that there are multiple driving forces behind the development and changes in the Indian Ocean security governance institutions, including the changing external environment, institutional learning and competition among different institutions, the importance attached by major stake-holding countries to the building of relevant institutions, and active participation in current governance practices by non-state actors. But admittedly, present institutional development still faces many difficulties due to various reasons. In the future, relevant governance bodies should play a more dynamic role and take more initiative in promoting institutional development and reconstruction and strengthening the institutional optimization both conceptually and operationally.