新冠肺炎疫情与全球安全文化的退化

安全文化是一个社群就怎样界定安全和安全威胁、怎样保障和实现安全所达成的主体间理解和共同知识。冷战之后,全球化推动了一个全球社会的初步形成,因之也催生了一种以开放安全、共同安全与合作安全为基本内容的合作型全球安全文化的雏形。但是由于全球治理失灵,不断出现且日益积累的全球性威胁得不到有效应对,民粹现实主义强势兴起,合作型全球安全文化屡遭重创,开始向以封闭安全、孤立安全、零和安全的冲突型安全文化转变,明显降低了国际安全合作的几率。抗击新冠肺炎疫情中的全球公共安全合作的失败就是一个明显的例证。虽然人类向共同体进化的历史大趋势不可阻挡,但在一段时间内,合作型全球安全文化与冲突型全球安全文化的激烈竞争将会是国际关系的新常态。

COVID-19 and the Devolution of Global Security Culture

Security culture refers to the shared knowledge of a society in terms of security,threats and means to safeguard its security.Since the end of the Cold War,globalization has enabled a global society to emerge and together with it a cooperative global security culture has been appearing in an embryonic form.It is featured by open security,common security,and cooperative security.However,global governance failure has led to a conspicuous accumulation of global threats and a dramatic increase in nationalistic populism.The emerging cooperative global security culture faces serious challenges and appears to be devolving toward a conflictual one.Security is understood more as zero-sum rivalry and can be better obtained through decoupling and self-enclosure—such ideas and practices are discouraging international cooperation.COVID-19 provides a vivid example,showing that international cooperation has failed where it is most needed and could be most beneficial.Humankind will move eventually to a security community,but in the foreseeable future the competition between a cooperative global security culture and a conflictual one will be tough and fierce.