因势利导:化解非传统安全困境的东盟路径

非传统安全困境存在吗?这种安全困境为何产生?以东盟为中心的东亚区域合作能否将其化解?既往研究通常一分为二地看待国家在传统安全与非传统安全议题中的行为逻辑,用安全困境的理论解释前者,安全化与和合主义等概念描述后者,认为后者更易导向国际合作。新冠肺炎疫情是一次非传统安全危机,然而世界各国却在应对过程中合作乏力、对立加深,这是一种非传统安全困境,各国政策和行为意图的不确定性是其主要原因。冷战后,以东盟为中心的区域合作架构在非传统安全议题上因势利导,增强各国对安全威胁的共同认识,依托既有地区合作机制凝聚共同利益,形成了增强政策和行为意图确定性的“威胁—利益”转化机制,在一定程度上化解了这种非传统安全困境。2020年4月,为应对疫情而召开的“10+3”特别峰会即为例证。东盟国家与中日韩三国对安全利益的共识虽有待增强,但对安全威胁的预估已趋于一致,是化解当下全球性非传统安全困境的一个地区性积极表征。

Making the Best of New Opportunities: The ASEAN Path to Resolving Non-traditional Security Dilemma

Is there a non-traditional security dilemma?Why does this security dilemma arise?Can the ASEAN-centered regional cooperation in East Asia resolve it?Previous studies tend to divide States’behavioral logic into traditional and non-traditional security perspectives,explaining the former with the security dilemma theory whereas interpreting the latter via the lenses of securitization and peace-cooperativism with the belief that the latter is easier to lead to international cooperation.The COVID-19 pandemic is a typical non-traditional security crisis.However,countries of the world have failed to jointly confront the pandemic,witnessing aggravated confrontation rather than effective cooperation.This paper regards this anomalous case as a non-traditional security dilemma and views the uncertain policies and behavioral intentions of different countries as its main cause.After the Cold War,the ASEAN-centered regional cooperation framework has made the best of any opportunities when handling non-traditional security issues.Therefore,it has helped enhance common understanding of security threats,consolidate common interests by virtue of the existing regional cooperation regime and establish a“threat-interest”transformation mechanism to increase the certainty of policies and behavioral intentions.All of the efforts have contributed to possible resolutions to non-traditional security dilemmas.This paper cites the Special ASEAN,China,Japan and ROK(ASEAN plus Three)Summit on COVID-19 Response convened on April 24,2020 as an example.Although the consensus on security interests among the above-mentioned countries still needs to be strengthened,a common understanding of security threats has been formed,which can be perceived as a positive regional manifestation of how to resolve the current global non-traditional security dilemma against the backdrop of COVID-19.