深海安全治理:问题缘起、国际合作与中国策略

深海区域是重要的全球公域,其丰富的资源储备和巨大的军事战略价值成为吸引世界各国深度参与深海开发的重要诱因。近年来,各国深海力量投送的不断加强,也在国际深海领域造成了如生态安全、军事安全、经济与资源安全以及人身安全等各种传统及非传统安全问题。国际深海安全问题的出现,会对深海开发的良性发展产生严重的影响。因此,重视和加强对国际深海安全问题的治理迫在眉睫。现阶段,国际社会在相关国际法和国际机制的基础上,已经初步形成了以国际海底管理局等国际组织和主权国家共同参与的总体治理架构。但是,现阶段的国际深海安全治理还存在着治理主体层次不够多元、军事等传统安全领域的治理相对乏力等亟须解决的问题。近年来,中国在和平利用国际深海资源方面,发展迅猛。进一步关注国际深海安全问题、有效参与国际深海安全治理,对于中国而言意义重大。在此背景下,中国可以在进一步有效感知深海安全问题、夯实参与国际深海安全治理的实力基础以及打造深海“人类命运共同体”等方面进一步着力。

Deep Sea Security Governance:Problems,International Cooperation and China’s Strategy

As one of the most important global Commons,the Deep Sea area abounds with rich resources and huge military strategic value,thus attracting countries all over the world to get deeply engaged in the Deep Sea development.However,in recent years,the increased projection capacities of countries in the Deep Sea area have given rise to various traditional and non-traditional security concerns in the international deep-sea domain,focusing on ecological security,military security,economic and resource security as well as personal safety.The emerging security-related issues will exert a grave impact on the benign development of deep-sea exploitation.Therefore,it is imperative to put more emphasis on the governance of these issues concerning deep sea security.At the present stage,based on relevant international laws and mechanisms,the international community has initially formed an overall governance framework with the participation of international organizations such as the International Seabed Authority and sovereign states.However,there are still some problems with international deep-sea security governance,such as the lack of diversity with respect to governance bodies and relatively weak governance in some of the traditional security fields.Recent years have witnessed China’s rapid progress in the peaceful utilization of international deep-sea resources.It is of paramount significance for China to pay more attention to international deep-sea security issues and effectively participate in international deep-sea security governance.In this context,China should make continuous efforts to enhance its understanding of deep-sea security issues,lay a more solid foundation for active participation in international deep-sea security governance and build a deep-sea“community with a shared future for mankind”.