数字经济时代的全球数据安全治理与中国策略

进入数字经济时代以来,日益严峻的数据安全风险与变幻莫测的国际形势交织叠加,各国围绕数据安全治理规则博弈呈现加剧态势,引发全球数据安全治理问题。各国际行为体虽然已经意识到数据安全治理的重要性,但对全球数据安全治理并未形成统一的治理框架。全球数据安全治理仅仅由单边、双边和多边框架以及贸易规则拼凑而成,相关治理议题在公民个人、社会、经济以及国家安全等多个层面相继涌现。多领域多维度的数据安全问题难免造成治理主体利益诉求的差异,也导致全球数据安全治理出现了规则碎片化、机制效用不足、治理乏力等问题。与此同时,个别国家的数据霸权主义行为更是使得国际行为体难以凝聚共识,全球数据安全治理步履蹒跚,重视和加强对全球数据安全问题的治理迫在眉睫。中国高度重视数据安全的相关议题,由于中国在数据治理领域起步较晚,仍存在立法不完善、技术创新能力薄弱、国际合作不足、治理乏力等问题。中国需要全面、系统地分析影响数据安全的各种重大风险因素,准确把握全球数据安全趋势,进一步优化中国在全球数据安全治理中的策略选择。

Global Data Security Governance and Action Strategies for China’s Participation in the Era of Digital Economy

Severe data security risks are now interwoven with the complicated international situation, as a result of which countries battle for an upper hand in laying down rules as regards data security governance, giving rise to the problem of how to address global data security issues. Although international actors have realized the importance of data security governance, a unified governance framework for global data security has not been fully constructed. The current global data security governance consists merely of trade rules and other unilateral or multilateral frameworks. Hence, challenging governance problems continuously emerge at the individual, societal, economic and national security levels, which inevitably leads to different interests claims from different governance subjects as well as fragmentation of rule systems, insufficient effectiveness of mechanisms and weak governance. In the meantime, data hegemony enjoyed by a few individual countries has made it more difficult for international actors to reach a consensus on this matter. Therefore, it is absolutely imperative that global data security governance should be further underlined and strengthened by the international community. In response, China has attached greater importance to issues related to data security. However, due to its late start in the field of data governance, China still faces a series of challenges such as imperfect legislation, limited technological innovation capabilities, insufficient international cooperation and weak governance. Therefore, China needs to comprehensively and systematically analyze the major risk factors affecting data security, accurately grasp the development trend of global data security and further optimize its strategy choice in global data security governance.