国际安全视域下的网络文化与网络空间软实力

网络文化不是纯粹的文化问题和文化现象,而是与安全具有广泛的内在联系。在网络空间本身已经全球化的时代,有必要从国际安全的视角审视网络文化。理想的网络文化是一个能够维系自身运转、净化和完善的体系,具有三个与安全相关的功能:传递功能(以信息技术实力确保信息文化流动的顺畅和安全)、纠正功能(纠正错误信息和越轨行为)和塑造功能(塑造观念、行为方式和组织方式)。这三个功能分别对应三种类型的国家软实力:第一,以信息传播和文化内容为基础的网络空间软实力,主要是指信息传播实力和网络文化产品的吸引力。第二,以外交劝说和外交质量为基础的网络空间软实力,即运用传统外交和公共外交等方式纠正有危害性的信息和越轨行为的能力。第三,以国家利益和国际道义为基础的网络空间软实力,指建构国家文化、国家形象和国际声誉的能力。网络空间软实力是数字化时代国家综合国力的重要组成部分,也将成为未来国力竞争的焦点领域。

Cyber Culture and Cyberspace Soft Power from the Perspective of International Security

Cyber culture, far beyond a pure cultural issue and cultural phenomenon, has extensive intrinsic correlation with security. In the era when cyberspace itself is globalized, it is necessary to reexamine cyber culture in terms of its international security implications. An ideal cyber culture runs as a self-maintained system supporting self-functioning, self-purification and self-fulfillment. It is equipped with three functions correlated with security, namely transmission function (ensuring the smooth and secure flow of information culture through information technology capabilities), rectification function (rectifying erroneous information and transgression) and cultivation function (shaping concepts, behavioral and organizational patterns). These three functions correspond respectively to three types of national soft power. The first is a form of cyberspace soft power based on information transmission and cultural content, referring specifically to the power of information dissemination and the appeal of cyber cultural products. The second is a form of cyberspace soft power on the basis of diplomatic persuasion and the quality of diplomacy, which means the capacity of employing traditional diplomacy and public diplomacy to rectify hazardous information and transgressive behaviors. The third is a form of cyberspace soft power based on national interests and international morality, referring to the capabilities of constructing national culture, national image and international prestige. As a significant component of the comprehensive national strength of a nation in the digital age cyberspace soft power will become one of the focal areas for national strength competition in the near future.