"预防—震慑—应急"一体化:中国海外安保供给模式新探

基于以人民安全为宗旨的总体国家安全观和“以人为本、外交为民”的领事保护理念,受冲突影响和高风险区域的海外机构、企业和公民的安全是中国海外安保供给体系的首要关切。后疫情时代的安全环境、安全威胁和安保内容的新变化凸显了海外安保的供需落差,如何通过完善海外安保供给体系来应对后疫情时代的挑战,成为总体国家安全治理不得不重视的紧迫性议题。根据风险/焦虑-威胁/恐惧-危机/恐慌的升级过程,可将海外安保区分为预防、震慑、应急三种类型,政府、军队、国际安保公司、社会组织和海外企业能够发挥各自不同的作用。在明晰中国海外安保“阶段-类型”及对应的多元供给主体职能的基础上,中国海外安保供给体系的完善需要在总体国家安全观理念指导下,遵循“预防-震慑-应急”一体化的供给模式,建构多元供给主体联动体系,从而弥补现有供给体系的不足,全面推进“海外中国平安体系”建设。

A More Integrated Mechanism of“Prevention-Deterrence-Emergency Response”:New Thinking on China’s Overseas Security Supply Model

Based on a holistic approach to national security that takes protecting the people’s security as the mission and the principle of“diplomacy for the people”with consular protection as its key component,overseas security for Chinese institutions,enterprises and citizens in conflict-affected and high-risk areas has become a primary concern of China’s overseas security supply system.In the post-pandemic era,new changes in security environment,content,and threats have highlighted the gap between supply and demand for overseas security.Thus,how to improve the overseas security supply system to rise to the challenge in the post-pandemic era is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the overall national security governance.According to the escalation process of risk/anxiety-threat/fear-crisis/panic,overseas security can be divided into three types that focus separately on prevention,deterrence and emergency response,in which government agencies,armed forces,international security companies,social organizations and overseas enterprises play different roles.On the basis of clarifying the“phases-types”of China’s overseas security and the corresponding functions of diversified supply subjects,any further improvement on China’s overseas security supply system should be guided by a holistic approach to national security,following the integrated supply model of“prevention-deterrence-emergency response”and constructing a linkage mechanism among multiple supply subjects so as to make up for the deficiencies of the existing supply system and enhance the system for the protection of Chinese nationals and interests overseas.