疫情冲击下的全球治理困境及其根源

2020年新冠肺炎疫情暴发,凸显了国际合作的缺失。面对疫情冲击,不仅以G20为主要平台的大国协调机制和以WHO为中心的全球健康治理框架乏善可陈,欧盟、东盟、非盟、阿盟等众多地区合作框架也无所作为,各国重新回到国家主义的框架。大国间抗击疫情的合作不仅难以开展,还频频出现了责任转嫁、物资劫持、"脱钩"等现象。全球卫生治理机制在新冠疫情冲击下失效的主要原因在于治理机制设计存在赤字,医疗资源仍然集中在国家手中,国际机制缺乏调动国内资源的合法手段,造成治理能力不足。这一赤字在应对小规模的疫情方面尚可支撑,在应对全球性疫情方面明显不足,由此决定了各国在疫情冲击下除了回到国家治理轨道外别无他途。因此,疫情治理暴露出来的问题要求全球治理合作走向深度全球化的新阶段,推动全球治理体系和治理现代化必将对全球治理产生深远影响。

Global Governance Dilemma and Its Roots under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 highlights the lack of international cooperation.Under the impact of the epidemic,not only the coordination mechanism of the great powers depending on the G20 and the global health governance framework centered on the World Health Organization(WHO)are of no avail,but also regional cooperation frameworks,such as the European Union(EU),the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN),the African Union(AU),and the League of Arab States(LAS)took no action.Countries have returned to the framework of statism.Together with the difficulties in carrying out cooperation in pandemic treatment among major countries,it has become a common phenomenon of major powers shifting responsibility,hijacking medical supplies,"decoupling"and"buck-passing".The main reason for the failure of the global health governance mechanism under the impact of COVID-19 is the deficit in the governance mechanism design.Sovereign countries still dominate the medical resources,and the international mechanism lacks legitimate means to mobilize domestic resources,thus resulting in insufficient governance capacity.This deficit may be inconspicuous when tackling small-scale pandemics;however,it causes apparent incapability in response to a global pandemic and determines that a country has no other choices but to return to the track of national governance.Therefore,the problems exposed by the pandemic crisis require global governance cooperation to move towards a new stage of deep globalization,and improving global governance system and governance modernization will have a profound impact on global governance.