美国农业保护制度的政治经济学分析

美国是世界上农业最发达的国家之一。在世界农产品贸易中,长期以来一直是世界农产品最大的进出口国,其农产品贸易政策对世界农产品贸易制度具有主要的影响。近年来,美国的农业保护制度不断完善和加强,不但与其他国家多边农业谈判的自由化主张背道而驰,也是多哈农业谈判久谈不决的主要原因之一。从政治经济学的角度分析,在未来,其农业补贴政策会有所减弱。但不可能完全消除,国内农业政策改革难度很大,非传统的隐蔽性更强的限制性措施将成为农产品市场准入中的主要措施。因此,美国在多哈农业谈判中不可能做出太大的让步。

A Political Economy Analysis on U.S.Agricultural Protectionism

The United State is one of the most developed countries in agriculture.Since U.S.is the largest importer and exporter of agricultural product in the world,its agricultural trade policy gives main influence to world agricultural trade regime.In recent years,the U.S.strengthens its protectionist measures in agricultural trade,which not only goes opposite to the liberalization efforts of the Doha Round,but also is a main cause of the failure in the Doha agricultural negotiation.On the political economy perspective,in the future,the U.S.subsidy measures in agricultural trade will not be totally abandoned,although probably weakened at some time.Some non-traditional more elusive restrictive measures will be mainly used in its market access restriction.Therefore,the U.S.will not make too much concession in the future agricultural negotiation.