东盟引资政策的演变:由国别到区域合作的转向

东盟引资政策的发展始终服务于地区一体化建设的需要,在外部经济形势和内部发展诉求的双重驱动下,其演变过程有着两个关键特征:一是对于外商直接投资的认识,本地区经历了从国别到区域合作层面的跨越;二是东盟各国大体上完成了从差别对待域内外投资者到逐渐取消引资歧视性政策的转变。基于各国在区域和国别两个层面上的FDI政策仍存在差异性,东盟应以《东盟全面投资协议》为导向规范各国引资政策,提高政策一致性,同时强调对垂直型FDI的引进以应对外资流向的分化问题,并深化本地区引资合作的机制化建设,增加东盟作为投资目的地的吸引力。最后,当前中国-东盟投资协议的细则还有待于完善,考虑到中国在东盟的投资活动多是在双边框架下进行的,区域层面投资协议的利用率还很低,中方可以通过增加对区域性项目的投资以深化投资合作。

The Evolution of FDI Policy in ASEAN:From National Level to Regional Cooperation

The development of ASEAN FDI policy has always served the needs of regional integration construction. Driven by external economic situation and internal demands for development, its evolution is characterized by two features. First, FDI policy in ASEAN has experienced a leap from national cooperation to regional one. Second, ASEAN countries have roughly experienced a process that started with differential treatment to internal and external investors, and then changed to the elimination of investment restrictions. In view of the differences between member states’ domestic FDI policies and their regional ones, ASEAN should increase the policy consistency, which means the domestic policies should act in accordance with ACIA, and promote vertical FDI in this area to deal with the division of foreign investment inflows, enhance the institutional construction of FDI to make ASEAN an attractive destination to invest. Meanwhile, China-ASEAN Investment Agreement needs to be detailed. Considering that the investment activities between China and ASEAN are mostly conducted under a bilateral framework and regional investments are seldom conducted, China can enhance investment cooperation by increasing investment in regional projects.