国家认同与族群认同:以马来西亚为例

国家与族群具有不同的结构与功能,因而国家认同与族群认同的要素,特别是二者的认同基础存在较大的差异。正是这种差异决定着二者关系的基本形态。国家的公共性要求它不应该将政治政策偏向任何一个族群。族群平等是国家认同与族群认同的平衡点,否则,可能会导致政策所损害的族群对国家存在意义的质疑。马来西亚独立后,特别是20世纪70年代后,实施的正是偏向马来人的政策,从而造成非马来人对国家的不满。

Ethnic Identity and State Identity:A case study of Malaysia

To take Malaysia for an example, this paper emphasizes the relationship between ethnic identity and state identity. Because of the differences in structure and function, nation-state and ethnic group have different bases of identity. So, as a result, the bases determine the elementary forms of the relationship between ethnic identity and state identity. A nation-state which is a public power should dispense equal justice to all ethnic groups; otherwise the ethnic groups which can＇ t share the public goods offered hy the government will challenge the significance of the state. It＇ s the situation in Malaysia. Since the 1970s, the Malays enjoy many privileges while other ethnic groups take nothing, so it is hard for these non-Malay ethnic groups to identify themselves with the nation-state.