冷战后东南亚国家南海政策的发展动向与中国的对策思考

本文主要从南海争端方国家、非南海争端方国家、东盟3个层次分析了冷战后东南亚国家南海政策的发展动向。对于南海争端方国家，重点分析了越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚的南海政策；对非南海争端方国家重点分析了新加坡和泰国的南海政策；对于东盟的南海政策，本文指出协调成员国在南海问题上的立场，发表联合声明表达对南海问题的立场，直接就南海问题与中国进行对话，通过东盟地区论坛讨论南海问题构成了东盟对南海问题施加影响的主要方式。在对策思考方面，本文指出中国未来的南海政策应该侧重以下几点：继续将“搁置争议，共同开发”作为解决南海问题的基本原则；坚持“双边协商”的具体策略，力避南海问题的国际化；保持与东盟在南海问题上的沟通，确保东盟不致形成在南海问题上对中国不利的一致立场；在南海区域安全机制的构建和海洋安全维护方面发挥更大的作用。

Southeast Asian Countries' Policies towards the South China Sea Issue post the Cold War and Reflections on China's Countermeasures

This paper analyzes the developmental trends of Southeast Asian countries＇ policies towards the South China Sea issue in post cold war period from three levels： conflicting countries in the South China Sea disputes; non-conflicting countries in the South China Sea disputes; ASEAN countries. For the countries involved in the South China Sea disputes, this paper analyzes the policies of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia towards the South China Sea issue; For the countries not involved in the South China Sea disputes, this paper analyzes the policies of Singapore and Thailand towards the South China Sea issue; For ASEAN countries, the writer points out that coordinating the standpoints of various member states, publishing common statement, making dialogue with China and discussing in ARF have constituted ASEAN＇ s main patterns of exerting influence on the South China Sea issue. As for the countermeasures of China, this paper argues that China should attach importance to these main points： regarding ＇laying disputes aside, joint exploitation＇ as the fundamental principle of the settlement of the South China Sea issue; insisting on ＇bilateral consultation＇ tactics and avoiding the internationalization of the South China Sea issue; communicating with the ASEAN countries and ensuring that their unanimous standpoint would not be disadvantageous to China; playing more important roles in the process of regional maritime security regime building and maintaining maritime security.