论冷战时期美国的南中国海政策

冷战期间,南中国海地区成为两大阵营、美苏争霸的主要场所之一,也是美国对苏、对华遏制的重点地域之一。南中国海争端虽然凸显于20世纪70年代,但在50年代就已出现,因而美国在南中国海地区的遏制战略就不可避免地要与南中国海主权问题联系在一起,这是美国逐渐形成对南中国海主权争端的立场、政策的起点和基础。本文拟对冷战时期美国对南中国海争端的立场和政策作一探讨,以期更深入地认识冷战后美国大力介入南中国海争端的深层战略考虑。

American Policies towards South China Sea during the Cold War

During the Cold War,South China Sea region became not only one of the key arenas for the two Cold War blocs or the US and USSR to struggle for global hegemony but also one of those for the US to contain both USSR and China.Although the disputes over South China Sea only became fierce in the 1970s,they started showing up in the 1950s.Therefore,American strategy of containment over South China Sea area will inevitably be closely connected with the sovereignty issue.This is the starting point and basis for American gradually-formed stand and policies towards the disputes over sovereignty of South China Sea.This paper intends to discuss American stand and policies on the disputes over South China Sea during the Cold War so as to further explore American deeper strategic considerations for its strong intervention in South China Sea disputes after the Cold War.