面对21世纪中俄经贸合作问题的思考

叶利钦时期．中俄两国构建的战略协作伙伴关系．较多地体现在政治、军事和外交方面。经贸合作是个薄弱领域。普京执政后。对华关系的基本框架不会发生大的变化。但考虑到普京在摆脱经济危机和恢复俄罗斯强国地位方面。有着强烈的危机感和迫切感．因此、他的对华政策将具有务实性和转向以经济利益为中心的特点。近年来．两国经贸关系明显落后于政治关系。长期发展下去．有可能影响和削弱中俄政治关系的发展。进入２１世纪之际。中俄加强经贸合作．不仅有利于中国经济实现可持续增长和俄经济的复苏、而且还可以进一步巩固和发展两国的政治关系。当前。为把中俄经贸合作推上一个新的高度,应采取一些新的思路和对策：（一）要统一认识．即认识到中俄经贸关系落后于政治关系是客观存在的事实。有鉴于此．才需要我们将两国经贸合作推向一个新水平;（二）要有一个发展双边经贸合作的长期战略规划;（三）要上大项目：（四）加强对俄高科技合作．如在哈尔滨市与俄共建“中俄高新技术合作中心”; （五）大力研究与认真落实省、州合作、鼓励并推动地方政府发展区域合作。如吸引俄资本与技术参与我国西部大开发．尤其应将西伯利亚与远东地区作为区域合作的重点。特别应指出的是：没有我方与俄远东地区融洽的政治

THE QUESTIONS OF THE SINO-RUSSIAN ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY

During the Yeltsin era. the strategical cooperation partnership established by China and Russia is reflected mostly in politics. military affairs and diplomacy, but it is weak in the economic and trade cooperation. After Putin in power. the general structure of the Russian external relations with China can not change greatly. Considering a strong sense of crisis and urgency Putin has to break away from economic crisis and resume Russia's place as a big power, his China policy will present some realistic features and shift to the stress on economic interests. In recent years. the economic and trade relations between China and Russia have been obviously left behind their political relations. The situation. if developing for quite some time. will effect and weaken the Sino-Russian political relationship. At the beginning of the 21st century, to strengthen the Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation is not only beneficial to the realization of Chinese sustainable economic increase and Russian economic recovery, but also to the Sino-Russian political relations to be further consolidated and developed. At present. in order to push the Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation to a higher degree, we should have some new ideas and countermeasures: (l) Reach a consensus of opinions, i. e. the Sino-Russian economic and trade relations falling behind their political relations is an objective fact. In view of the fact. it is necessary for us to carry forward the two countries' economic and trade cooperation to a new level. (2) Make a long-term strategic programme for the bilateral economic and trade cooperation. (3) Start big cooperative projects. (4) Enhance the high-technical cooperation with Russia. eg" a Sino- Russian high- and- new- technical cooperation center" to be founded in Harbin. (5) Try hard to study and earnestly implement the cooperation between the Chinese provinces and the Russian oblasts. The local governments should be encouraged to promote the regional cooperation. eg to import Russia's funds and technology into the great development in the west part of China. especially to consider Siberia and the Far East as key regions for the cooperation. we must point out that there is nothing to speak of the real good-neighborly relations between China and Russia without a harmonious political relationship and a close economic cooperation between our side and the Russian Far East. (6) Bring the local and frontier trace into full play. (7) Try to search for a new growth point in the Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation. (8) The governments of both China and Russia should make more efforts to participate in. regulate and dominate the economic and trade cooperation. At the moment, the two governments should do four things well: (l) Perfect the economic laws; (2) Readjust the economic and trade order so as to make it move towards standardization; (3) The Russian side should try to improve the investment environment: (4) Really resolve three bottleneck problems, i. e. bank settlement mechanism, arbitration mechanism and export credit insurance, which has restricted the development of the economic and trade relations between the two countries.