清代中俄恰克图边境早期官制考

雍正年间,中俄开恰克图为边境贸易口岸,并开始设官进行管理。随着中俄经济、政治联系的加强,与之相适应的边境管理体制也逐渐形成。两国管理体制在恰克图贸易早期的服务宗旨是不同的:俄方用来打击边境非法贸易,保障对华正常贸易,以充实国库;中方则更关注边境地区的稳定,利用自己的管理体制监督蒙古人越界逃入俄境。

A STUDY IN THE EARLY OFFICIAL SYSTEMS OFTHE SINO-RUSSIAN QIAKTU BORDER IN QING DYNASTY

In the period of Yongzheng, China and Russia opened up Qiaktu as a border trading port and started to dispatch officials for administration. In pace with strengthening their economic and political links, corresponding border administrative systems were forming. Their administrative systems in the early days had a different central precept: Russia used its administrative system to attack illegal frontier trade with China and replenish its exchequer; China paid more attention to its frontier area's stability and used its system to control Mongolians to sneak into Russia.