梅加瓦蒂政府减少燃油津贴的原因及影响

一、燃油津贴的由来印尼是OPEC13个成员国之一,是世界上原油、天然气生产和出口的大国之一。自印尼独立后,石油与天然气的开发和出口成为印尼经济发展的重要支柱。据统计,20世纪80年代印尼石油与天然气的出口占出口总额的60%～80%。进入90年代后,虽然石油与天然气的出口有所下降,但仍占有较大的比例。1994年,印尼石油与天然气出口为105.29亿美元,占出口总额的38%。石油与天然气销售成为印尼国家财政预算的主要财源,2002年约占政府总收入300万亿印尼盾(以下称盾,约合331.7亿美元)的29 % ①。虽然印尼是世界上原油生产和出口较多的国家之一,…

The Causes and Impact of Megawati Government Reducing Fuel Oil Subsidies

With the gradual transform of politics and economy, the malpractice of fuel oil subsidies implemented in the Suharto time is becoming apparent. Those subsidies have unevenly distributed to different walks of life and the distribution has usually lagged far behind the development of industry, thus causing many side effects. In order to quicken the political and economic development and release the burden on the government, the Megawati government, though facing much pressure, has resolutely decided to gradually reduce the proportion of the subsidies and finally discontinue the practice. The decision evokes strong repercussion from different walks of life and becomes the focus of concern. This 30-year practice affects not only different industries but also the political prospect of the Megawati government.