俄罗斯中小企业发展相对缓慢的原因———基于制度层面的分析

中小企业在经济转型中所特有的社会经济作用,促使俄罗斯政府对它的发展寄予厚望,并努力为中小企业的生存和发展提供一个基本的制度框架。然而为什么俄罗斯中小企业的发展仍然相对缓慢? 虽然其中的原因很多,但制度层面的原因显得最为关键。正是由于制度规定性和能动性层面的脱节,能源垄断利益集团对中小企业发展的拖累,政府失败导致的政策失效和低效以及正式和非正式层面的维权体系的缺失,"梗阻"了制度的作用传导,以致许多制度只能成为死板的、静态的条文规定,无法成为具有执行力和约束力的现实制度。这是理解俄罗斯中小企业发展现实与政府对它的厚望不相吻合的关节点。

Reasons for sluggish development of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises ——Analysis based on institutional system

The social and economic role peculiar to small and medium-sized enterprises urged the Russian government to place high hopes on their development, and to provide them with a basic institutional framework to survive and develop. But why did they develop rather sluggishly Many were the reasons behind, but the most critical ones were institutional. It was precisely the disconnection between the definitive system and its active level, the dragging force of monopolistic energy interest on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the ineffective or low-effect policy caused by government failure and the absence of a formal or informal rights-protection system that caused the blocking of a conducive role of the system, so many rules and regulations became rigid and static, unable to implement the realistic system despite its executive and binding force. These were the nodes in understanding the realties of small and medium-sized enterprise development divorced from the high hopes of the government.