| 不动产适用善意取得制度的限度 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱广新. 不动产适用善意取得制度的限度[J]. 法学研究, 2009, 0(4): 40-61 |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱广新 |
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| 作者单位： | 清华大学法学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文曾在清华大学法学院“民法九人行”学术沙龙中讨论，沙龙成员崔建远教授、王闯法官、王轶教授、王洪亮副教授、韩世远教授、戴孟勇博士、耿林副教授、吴光明博士生、宋鱼水法官、王成副教授等先后提出诸多批评和建议，在此谨致谢意。 |
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| 摘 要： | 不动产登记簿的公信力和善意取得制度是两种构造迥异的物之交易信赖保护机制。善意取得制度以占有不足以充分表征动产所有权为构造前提，以竭力衡量所有权人与善意第三人的利益关系为轴心；不动产登记簿的公信力制度以不动产登记簿可以作为权利外观为构造前提，以完备的不动产登记制度为根基。善意取得制度的效果只能是第三人由无权利人取得物权；不动产登记簿的公信力所具有的效果不但有积极信赖保护与消极信赖保护之分，且其积极信赖保护的内容除由无权利人取得物权外，还包括由有权利人取得物权、受领给付、获得权利顺位等。因此，以善意取得制度保护不动产交易的便捷与安全，其局限非常明显。物权法第106条应限缩解释为主要适用于动产，不动产交易的信赖保护可通过解释物权法第16条来实现。
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| 关 键 词： | 主观权利 信赖保护 善意取得制度 善意取得效果 不动产登记簿的公信力 |
Can Bona Fide Acquisition Be Applied in Estate Transaction |
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| Zhu Guangxin. Can Bona Fide Acquisition Be Applied in Estate Transaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Law, 2009, 0(4): 40-61 |
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| Authors: | Zhu Guangxin |
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| Abstract: | Although they can both make bona fide third party become the owner of a thing to the detriment of the real owner, it is necessary to note that the public trust of estate register and bona fide acquisition are very distinct mechanisms to protect reasonable reliance in property transaction. It is very vital for bone fide acquisition to balance the benefits of real owner and bone fide third party, because to a great extent the actual possession of chattel does not always mean that the possessor of the chattel is the real owner. Compared with the actual possession of chattel, the estate register is almost endowed with absolute credibility given that it can display adequately the type and nature of real rights. That is to say, with the scientific system of registration, the estate register can be regarded as the real appearance of real property. Additionally, there are also many differences in legal effects between public trust of estate register and bona fide acquisition. The legal effect of bone fide acquisition is no more than making bone fide third party to acquire the ownership of chattel. On the other hand, the legal effect of public trust of estate register is rather complicated. It protects both positive reliance and negative reliance, now that various kinds of real rights can coexist on the same land. Furthermore, its positive reliance protection is also different from bone fide acquisition, because it includes the following effects: acquiring real right from the real owner, receiving performance from a debtor, obtaining the priority of registering in register, etc. Considering the above-mentioned differences, it is inadvisable to remove the borderline between the public trust of estate register and bone fide acquisition. In other words, it is no exaggeration to say that it will acquire rather limited effect to protect the transaction security of estate only through the pattern of bone fide acquisition. Unfortunately, The Property Law of PRC finally adopts the legal thought which treats equally the reliance protection in the transaction of chattel and estate. This article therefore suggests that 106 of the Property Law be interpreted narrowly in order to fulfill its function effectively, namely it only be applied to the transaction of chattel, and the reliance protection of real property be carried out by 16 of the Property Law. |
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| Keywords: | subjective right reliance protection bona fide acquisition public trust of estate register |
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