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Forensic Potential of MMPs and CC Chemokines for Wound Age Determination |
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| Authors: | Yenan Wang M.D. Yuki Yamamoto Ph.D. Yumi Kuninaka B.S. Toshikazu Kondo Ph.D. Fukumi Furukawa Ph.D. |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan Additional information and reprint requests: Yenan Wang, M.D. Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama City Wakayama 641-0012 Japan E-mail: wangyenan1112@live.cn;2. Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan |
| Abstract: | In this study, we investigated time-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, chemokine CC motif ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, CCL-5, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA at the skin injury site and sought their forensic potentials during the skin wound repair process. The tested wound ages in 42 mouse skin wounds were distributed at 0d, 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 10d, and 14d, respectively and then followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ultimately, MMP-2 played an important role in the inflammation phase. On the contrary, MMP-9 became involved at a later phase during wound healing. Meanwhile, CCL-2 and CCL-3 were active throughout almost all of the process. However, CCL-5 mRNA had no significance. Collectively, an MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio of over 0.84 indicated that skin wound healing age was strongly 5 days or less. So elevated gene expressions of cytokines and chemokines in different phases of wound ages implied that combined exploration could make wound age determination more accurate and objective. |
| Keywords: | forensic science wound healing mouse tissue wound age determination real-time polymerase chain reaction forensic pathology |