Significance of the ear in the determination of age

The morphology of human ear conch is said to be rather individual, but a perfect person-identification by this mean is not possible. It is demonstrated by photographs-made in a 15 years' interval-that ear conch and auricular area can be typically marked by proceeding age and specific diseases.     

The Significance of Statistical Significance:

This essay reviews The Cult of Statistical Significance: How the Standard Error Costs Us Jobs, Justice, and Lives, by Stephen T. Ziliak and Deirdre N. McCloskey. The book's core message is that statistical significance should not be equated with substantive significance and that empirical researchers should convey more information about the magnitude of relationships and effects than many now do. This essay summarizes, approves of, and elaborates on Ziliak and McCloskey's message with special attention to concerns of the legal academy. It clarifies appropriate uses of significance tests within the research framework of controlling for plausible rival hypotheses.     

Determining the Toxicological Significance of Pregabalin in Fatalities

Pregabalin has become more widely prescribed and abused in recent years but is still not always included in laboratory analysis. An LC‐MS‐MS method has been developed and applied to measure pregabalin in 93 postmortem cases, including drug‐related deaths, alternative causes of death, and fatalities where pregabalin was likely to have contributed to death. Other drugs or alcohol was detected, and the most common drug types (in decreasing frequency) were antidepressants, opioids, benzodiazepines, opiates, alcohol, antipsychotics, cocaine, cardiac drugs, amphetamines, cannabis, anticonvulsants, and antihistamines. New psychoactive substances (methoxphenidine and synthetic cannabinoids) were only found in two cases. The results provide further data to assist in evaluating the significance of postmortem pregabalin concentrations and a toxicologically significant concentration of 25 mg/L is proposed. Pregabalin, especially with concomitant use of other CNS depressant drugs, presents a significant toxicological risk and existing laboratory protocols should be reviewed for their suitability to detect pregabalin.     

Significance of skin metallization in the diagnosis of electrocution

The differentiation of minute current marks from the faint traces of burns may offer some difficulties. Marcinkowski and Wojciechowski (1973) treated the skin of corpses with the same metal objects either heated to a high temperature or exposed to 250 V of alternating current, and determined (by an electrographic method) that metallization appeared only after applying the electric current.The continuation of these observations is linked with the actual experimental studies of Pankowski. By treating the skin of corpses with alternating and direct current of 10, 50, 100 and 250 V for 0.3 sec, 1 sec, 30 sec and 1 min passing through a radioactive electrode of ⁶⁰Co, he has shown that the radioactivity of the skin at the site of electrode contact increases with the elevation of the voltage and its duration. In the case of direct current the rise was 630 – 54000-fold at the site of the positive electrode.Using electrodes of copper, aluminium and iron (not radioactive) it has also been shown (by an electrographic method) that metallization intensifies under the same conditions of time and voltage.Metallization could be detected even when no current marks on the skin were evident. Electrography appears to be extremely useful in the detection of metallization. No metallization was detected at the site of the negative electrode (as refers to direct current).     

论现代反垄断法的程序依赖性

实体规则的原则性与不确定性造成了反垄断执法上的多重困境,执法困境克服路径的选择则直接提升了程序规则在反垄断法执法中的地位,现代反垄断法的重要特征之一就是走向程序化。反垄断法程序化依托于现代社会对程序的特殊需求,根源于垄断及反垄断法的固有特征。反垄断法程序规则在构成上具有复合性,其价值主要在于对效率与公正的双重追求。在程序化的背景下,现代反垄断法的实施机制也具有了自足、多元与软化的特征。     

法律行为的法技术意义

法律行为是大陆法系民法中的一个重要概念,作为法技术的拟制物,它在法技术上具有特别的意义。它是法律概念体系的一环,它是法律价值的载体,它还是法律规范的中介。此外,它通过意思表示为确定私法自治的行为提供了分析工具。     

Significance of hemorrhages at the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles in hanging

Hemorrhages at the periostal-clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles are part of the indirectly induced autopsy findings in death by hanging. In a prospective study of 178 cases of hanging, clavicular hemorrhages were found in 110 cases (a relative frequency of 62%). A statistically significant association between occurrence of hemorrhages and completeness of the victim's body suspension was discovered (P = 0.046) as well as a significant association between the occurrence of hemorrhages and the location of the ligature knot on the neck (P = 0.008). The occurrence of hemorrhages at the clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles was independent of age, sex, and weight. This article renews the knowledge of this important vital sign described mainly in the German medicolegal literature.     

论类型化方法对宪法学研究的意义

随着宪法学研究在中国不断升温,其研究方法受到空前的关注。研究方法的更新既是构建新理论的重要条件,又是修补原有研究中的不足的新思路。将类型化方法引入宪法学研究中有助于克服价值偏见及认识上的绝对化,对宪法学研究得以更大的发展具有重要意义。     

Significance of inflammatory changes in the brainstem in forensic autopsy cases

Brain stem encephalitis is an uncommon disease. In order to assess the significance of inflammatory changes in the brain stem in a forensic autopsy material we reviewed the findings over a 12-year period. Between January 1st 1982-December 31st 1993, neuropathological examination of the brain was carried out in 29% of the autopsy cases from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Oslo. Out of 4546 brains, 110 (2.2%) showed microglial nodules and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing in the lower brain stem. In 66 of the cases (60%), the abnormalities were limited to the nucleus and/or the spinal tract of the fifth cranial nerve. Only 16 of the 39 cases with more widespread changes, diagnosed as brain stem encephalitis, had a serious underlying or concomitant disease. Three particular cases of brain stem encephalitis are reported in more detail. In all three cases we suggest that the brain stem inflammatory changes may be either the direct or a contributory cause of death.     

异议者的必要性及其在立法中的意义

作为异议者是不受欢迎的,要饱受舆论的压力.无论在哪个时代,异议者都是必要的.在立法中,异议者可以让人们摆脱非理性的诱惑,作出科学的立法;扮演先驱者角色的异议者,可以引领时代的立法;扮演拦截者角色的异议者,可以让立法保持平衡;扮演纠正者角色的异议者,可以让立法得到及时的修正.宽容立法中的异议者,他们是改变世界也是改变立法的人.     

唐律法律解释文本形式的意义

《唐律疏议》作为中国古代法律解释的集大成者,在法律解释的文本形式方面具有一律一释、律释合典、文本结构的非独立性等特点,这些特点是中国古代法律解释发展的重要经验。中国当代法律解释应当借鉴《唐律》法律解释文本形式的经验,改进我国当代法律解释的文本形式,实现我国当代法律解释在文本形式上的统一。     

论隋诗在诗歌发展史上的价值

南北诗风的融合是南北朝诗歌向唐代诗歌发展的总趋势 ,而隋诗则是该阶段的重要一环。隋前期北方诗人的崛起 ,使得南北朝以来北方诗歌首次在诗坛占据主导地位。更值得注意的是 ,这时的诗歌创作在刚健厚重中融入了南方诗歌的精巧流丽。隋后期由于大批南人北上 ,因而出现了南朝诗风的复归。但这并不是简单的重复 ,而是在保持浮靡清丽本色的同时也融入了北方诗歌的阔大沉厚。“北人学南”、“南人学北”,正是这种双向交流 ,推动着诗歌朝着南北诗风融合的方向发展     

Significance of haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue found in the medicolegal autopsy

The tongue was examined for the presence of haemorrhages in 264 medicolegal autopsy cases. The tongue was sectioned transversely and examined macroscopically and microscopically. Haemorrhages were found in marginal and/or central parts of the tongue in 104 cases. Among them, 28 cases showed haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue. Those haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue were seen only in cases of severe ‘congestive death’. The possibility must therefore be considered of a severe ‘asphyxial death’, if haemorrhages are found in central parts of the tongue during autopsy.     

“马锡五审判方式”在司法改革中的当代意蕴

"马锡五审判方式"的出现无疑已经成为了今天一个亟需分析和理解的司法事件。应该将重提"马锡五审判方式"置于司法改革语境下来分析;应将"马锡五审判方式"与"司法便民"理念相联系;应从司法的基本规律来审视"马锡五审判方式"在具体司法行为中的运用。把握这三个方面,有助于理解"马锡五审判方式"的当代意蕴。     

中国奴隶制的终结及其意义

人口买卖在中国历史上长期存在,1906年清两广总督兼南洋大臣周馥上书禁革人口买卖,对人口买卖进行了道义上的彻底否定。此后,修订法律大臣沈家本两次分别上《人口议》和《奴婢议》,对种种维护奴隶制的理论进行了鞭辟入里的分析批驳。经过有识之士持续不断的努力,1910年的《钦定大清刑律》终于彻底废除了奴隶制,但是该法规定的生效日期则是民国时期的1912年。中国奴隶制的废除无疑是世界人权发展史上的重大事件,它的最终实现以及人们对它的集体遗忘为我们提出了一系列值得思考的法理问题。     

习惯性规则的法治意义

习惯性规则是人类社会需求的产物,是关系密切群体为了追求社会福利最大化和交往成本最小化的目的而逐渐形成的一种行为规范和秩序安排.与人类社会共存的习惯规则和习惯权利,具有丰富的法治意蕴,它具有独立存在的价值,是法律和法律权利的前身,是法律的合法性基础和评价性标准,是法律的权威性内容.习惯性规则在人类社会中发挥着极其重要的利益调整和纠纷解决作用,维系着政治、经济和文化秩序,成为人类社会不可或缺的社会治理工具.     

紧急状态入宪的意义

紧急状态是危及一个国家正常的宪法和法律秩序、对人民的生命和财产安全构成严重威胁的正在发生的或者是迫在眉睫的危险事态.