当今世界地区冲突背后的宗教因素和现实根源

宗教因素,根据著名伊斯兰教学者金宜久的观点,包括宗教自我的形式（宗教思想、宗教情感、宗教体制等）、宗教意识形态、民族（宗教）传统文化、宗教性的社团组织和机构、国家实体（如阿富汗塔利政权）、     

Recreating the Third World Project: possibilities through the Fourth World

Abstract

In this paper, we make a theoretical argument that the Third World be returned to its political origins to inspire an updated Third World Project (TWP), revived as a global movement for progressive, anti-imperialist forces, through the Fourth World movement, which highlights internal colonialism. Both the TWP and the United Nations recognise only nation states as full members. We examine how a Third World strategy that brings in the Fourth World, or indigenous, minority and/or stateless groups, can help oppressed groups gain more autonomy and rights through a transnational solidarity rooted in empathy. We trace the intellectual roots and history of the TWP and consider obstacles in bringing together the TWP and the Fourth World movement. A Fourth World strategy corrects the TWP’s implicit approval of an underlying imperialism, and the TWP provides the Fourth World movement a model to accomplish its goal of resisting uncritical modernity.     

Emigration and expulsion in the Third World

We routinely refer to pharmaceutical patents as intellectual property rights. The argument in this article is that pharmaceutical patents represent a ‘bargain’ between government, business and society. The pharmaceutical patent system constitutes a social institution with social goals that go well beyond solely providing incentives to proprietary pharmaceutical companies to develop innovative drugs. Therefore we need to assess this institution in terms of what is referred to here as its social effectiveness, that is, its ability to accomplish the social goals it was set up to achieve. Such assessment has to take into account the fact that the pharmaceutical patent system has now become global, a development that has made its social ineffectiveness more apparent and worrisome. The severity and gravity of unmet global and local public health needs compels urgent scrutiny of the pharmaceutical patent system, as well as of alternatives to it, such as prizes for pharmaceuticals.     

Emigration and expulsion in the Third World

The right of individuals to leave their country, and conversely their right not to be forced to leave, are generally recognized tenets of international law. In developing countries, 2 patterns of assault on these rights are apparent. 1 pattern concerns political and ethnic pressures associated with the pain and tribulations of nation building in new societies, which tends to produce refugees. The 2nd pattern is an effort to block the brain drain of skilled personnel to more developed countries. The desire to be rid of those who don't fit in and the desire to make those with needed skills fit in explains much of the apparent inconsistency and vacillation of governments on both issues. States with no tradition of statehood often turn to authoritarian models to create cohesion. Where ruling elites attempt to strengthen national unity, they tend to turn on groups whose language ethnicity, religion, culture, political beliefs, or socioeconomic status do not fit in. The 2nd pattern of constraint on Third World emigration is a reaction to the threatened loss of manpower. While Sudan lost only 1% of its labor force to emigration, this included 70% of its medical graduates and such high percentages of high level clerical personnel as to become an obstacle to efficient government. It is not the least developed countries that suffer most from the brain drain; they have less competition for available openings and adjustment to developed country life is more difficult for their citizens. Many "drainees" feel political pressure to leave, although the decisive motivation appears to concern working conditions and employment. the "drained" countries not interested so much in imposing restrictions on themselves as in gaining recongnition of the responsibility of the industrialized nations to developing ones; they want compensation for losses incurred.     

国际

俄陨石坑发现天量钻石矿据美联社9月17日报道,俄罗斯科学家称,西伯利亚地区发现的一处陨石坑中蕴藏丰富钻石资源,可持续开发3000年。这个陨石坑名为波皮盖坑,直径约100公里,里面蕴藏的钻石达数万亿克拉,超过全世界现有的钻石储量。     

国际

朝鲜突然发射卫星表决心据新华社转引朝中社12月12日报道,朝鲜光明星3号卫星发射成功,卫星进入预定轨道。而韩国国防部13日表示,朝鲜卫星正围绕地球轨道正常运行,但尚无法确认其是否能正常工作。美国官员表示,这一火箭运载物处于失去控制的不稳定状态。     

国际

肯尼亚武装偷牛组织袭警在肯尼亚北部偏远地区,一个武装偷牛组织使用机关枪、炸弹等伏击当地警察,造成至少32名警察死亡。外媒称,发生这样严重的袭警事件,与偷牛组织在当地势力日益猖獗有关。风云Major Issue石原慎太郎成立太阳之党     

国际

希腊又见全国性大罢工9月26日,希腊主要工会组织举行全国性罢工和示威活动,抗议政府拟推行的新一轮紧缩措施。希腊主要私营及公共部门工会称,当天有超过10万人参加了24小时罢工和示威活动。此次罢工是萨马拉斯政府上台以来希腊发生的第一次大规模罢工。     

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