The flip side of fashion: Used clothing exports to the third world

Since the early 1970s, western countries have increasingly recycled their second‐hand clothes by exporting to the Third World. In response, some LDC governments have banned used clothing imports to protect their domestic textile industries. This article, after reviewing the structure and evolution of world used clothing trade, examines the consequences for Africa's largest importer, Rwanda. In this low‐income country, with its small domestic textile industry, displacement is minimal and imported used clothing offers a modest but rare policy lever for directly increasing national income as well as incomes of the rural poor.     

世界政党形势的新变化及对国际形势的影响

当前,随着经济全球化深入发展,各国国内政治与国际政治的界限日益模糊,政党政治的变化对国际形势的影响越来越直接.     

The literature on local government contracting out

Privatisation of Local Government Services, Jill Walker and Roger Moore, Workers’ Educational Association, 1983, pp. 24, 90p.

Public Jobs for Private Profit: Fighting Contractors in Wandsworth, Dave Benlow, Peter Ramage, Mike French, Dave Simmonds and Dexter Whitfield, Wandsworth Trade Union Publications, pp. 64, £1.40.

Contracting Out in the Public Sector, Keith Hartley, Cyril Tomkins, Cecil Rix, Brian Whitworth, Clifford Smith, Leslie Paine, RIPA, 1984, pp. 59, £3.50.

Fighting Privatisation: The Victory in Gloucester, Tony Williams, Institute for Workers’ Control, 1983, pp. 44, 90.

A Review of Private Approaches for Delivery of Public Services, Harry Hatry, The Urban Institute Press, 1983, pp. 105.

Hands off Bury's Bins! Manchester Employment Research Group, Bury Joint Trade Union Committee, 1983, pp. 32.

Contractors’ Failures: The Privatisation Experience, TUC, 1984, pp. 38, £2.00.     

The impact of scale on management structures and processes

This paper advances the conjecture that the shift to a direct election of mayors in Israel, a most significant step towards recognising local authorities as political entities in their own right, has prevented further progress in the same direction. Hirschman's ‘getting stuck syndrome’ is used here to explore this paradox. Since a highly centralised system is not compatible with a ‘strong mayor system’, there developed an ingenious scheme — ’de facto decentralisation’ — a peculiar blend of formal ‘agency’ relationship, informal ‘partnership’ and ‘grey‐area’ autonomy. This scheme persists apparently because it is well suited to a world of ambiguous and conflicting imperatives.     

The impact of suicide on the family

Little research has examined the consequences of a suicide for social or family networks. Because suicide occurs within families, the focus on the aftermath of suicide within families is an important next step to determine exactly how to help survivors. In this article, we review and summarize the research on the impact of suicide on individuals within families and on family and social networks. We begin with a discussion of family changes following suicide. Next, we discuss the effects of suicide on social networks overall and responses of children and the elderly to a suicide in the family. Finally, we identify key issues that remain to be resolved in family survivor research and make recommendations for future studies.     

The Urban crisis of the third world

Dynamics of Urban Development. Edited by L H Klaassen, W T Molle and J H P Paelnick, Farnborough, England: Gower. 1981. 267pp. £17.50.     

The US presidential election of 1992 and its impact on Asia

Andrew Mack, (ed.), Asian Flashpoint: Security and the Korean Peninsula (Canberra and St. Leonards: ANU and Allen and Unwin, 1993), 175 pp.

Toh Mun Heng and Linda Low, (eds.), Regional Cooperation and Growth Triangles in ASEAN (Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1993), 256 pp.

Kent E. Calder, Strategic Capitalism: Private Business and Public Purpose in Japanese Industrial Finance (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 373 pp.

Garry Rodan, (ed.), Singapore Changes Guard: Social, Political and Economic Directions in the 1990s (Melbourne, Australia: Longman Cheshire Pty Limited and New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1993), xxii + 209 pp.

J. Mark Ramseyer and Frances McCall Rosenbluth, Japan's Political Marketplace, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993) 262 pp.

Roger Goodman and Kirsten Refsing, (ed.), Ideology and Practice in Modern Japan (Routledge: London, 1992) 243 pp.

John Bresnan, Managing Indonesia: The Modern Political Economy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1993), 375 pp.     

The impact of police unionization on municipal budgetary outcomes

This paper explores the potential impact of police employee unionization on municipal budgetary outcomes in a five state area of the southcentral United States. Utilizing municipal budget data taken from annual editions of The Municipal Year Book and unionization data gathered through a survey questionnaire, the research compares union and nonunion cities over time. Results indicate that police unions have exercised some influence on municipal budgetary outcomes, particularly in cities of 50,000-99,999 population.