苏俄新经济政策和中国改革开放之比较

社会主义没有现成的道路、模式可以搬用,必须通过改革寻找适合本国国情的方法、道路和机制.苏俄的新经济政策和中国的改革开放在原因、内容以及过程等方面有颇多相同或相似之处,所不同的是,苏俄新经济政策最终夭折,而中国的改革开放则取得了巨大成功.     

越、老、朝、古四国经济改革比较

本文从所有制结构、资源配置方式、消费品分配方式和对外经济开放四个方面对越南、老挝、朝鲜、古巴四国的经济改革进行了比较,认为越南、老挝的改革属于一种类型,是由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的"转型",两者的差别在于市场化的程度;朝鲜、古巴属于一种类型,是在计划经济体制内对高度集中的指令性计划体制的"改良",两者的差别在于利用市场因素的多少.     

Policy Coalitions,Economic Reform and Military Power in Ecuador and Venezuela

Military coups and coup attempts, as well as the establishment, or continuation, of economic/social development roles for the military far outside traditional security missions have been a part of civil–military relations in Ecuador and Venezuela since 1990. The military's greater role in Ecuador and Venezuela has in part been a consequence of the failure of neoliberal and globalist policy coalitions to establish and maintain a hegemonic consensus over political power and national policy. This failure has undermined progress in orienting the military in a ‘democratic’ direction that prioritises traditional security roles under the ultimate command of civilian authorities. It has also allowed for competing models of civil–military relations to emerge that draw upon nationalist or socialist models of military power and democracy.     

Governance Strategies and Welfare Effects: Vertical Integration and Contracts in the Catfish Sector in Vietnam

Abstract

Using an original dataset from the Vietnamese catfish sector, we study the impact of vertical coordination options on household welfare and the implications of different stages of vertical coordination for the success of the whole sector. The welfare gain from contract farming and employment on processor-owned estate farms is estimated using a maximum simulated likelihood estimator. Our results show positive welfare effects from participating in contract farming, but not from employment on processor-owned estate farms. The results imply that contract farming presents opportunities for economic growth, but additional effort is required to make the contracts more accessible to smallholders.     

国家与儿童：社会转型期中国儿童福利的理论框架与政策框架

儿童是家庭的瑰宝,民族的希望,国家的栋梁,社会的未来,祖国的明天,人类最宝贵的财富。儿童与国家关系既是个经典的理论议题,又是重大的现实问题和政策问题。在社会结构转型和社会现代化背景下,中国困境儿童群体和儿童福利理论、政策框架议题成为社会政策议程的优先议题,本文首次概要建构儿童福利的理论框架与政策框架,探讨理论框架与政策框架的现实意义和社会意义,为少年儿童身心健康成长指明未来发展方向。     

当代中国的儿童福利政策框架与儿童福利服务体系（上）

儿童是家庭的瑰宝，民族的希望，国家的基石，社会的明天。儿童的生存发展状况是最大的政治问题与国家的最高利益。中国是世界上儿童数量最多的发展中国家，儿童与社会、国家与儿童、儿童与家庭、儿童与儿童的关系成为公共政策、社会政策与福利政策议程的核心议题。本文首次全面、系统描述分析了1949年以来当代中国的儿童福利政策框架与儿童福利服务体系，儿童福利制度发展阶段与基本特征，儿童福利政策框架内涵与基本特征，儿童福利服务体系与福利服务内容，儿童福利政策研究议题与理论争论核心议题，儿童福利制度的发展障碍与制度创新基本思路，构建和谐社会与重构现代儿童福利制度框架等议题，以期描绘一幅中国儿童福利政策框架与服务体系总体性图画，评估儿童生存发展现实状况，为构建和谐家庭、和谐社区、和谐社会，促进世界和平与发展，创造幸福美好生活奠定基础。     

Policy Networks and Policy Learning UK Economic Policy in the 1960s and 1970s

Policy networks are advanced as an alternative to the Westminster model of the UK polity but the theory lacks an internal dynamic and has typological problems. This article applies Peter Hall's (1993) concept of 'social learning' to policy networks and maps the networks found in two case studies of British economic policy making: Hall's own study of the shift from Keynesianism to monetarism in the 1970s and the author's research on the advent of 'Keynesian-plus' in the early 1960s. The article advances three main propositions. Firstly, that integrating the concept of social learning can dynamize the policy network model. Secondly, the case studies suggest that different network configurations are associated with different orders of policy change but that Hall's definition of 'third order change' may be too restrictive. Thirdly, policy networks can be much more complex and fluid then is generally claimed, sometimes becoming so extensive that they might be termed a 'meta-network'.     

公民收入——福利国家改革的一种设想

公民收入在1980年代被作为福利国家改革的思路之一,在克服传统福利计划及工作福利的弊端方面有不可替代的优势.从福利国家改革的角度看,公民收入倡导者认为,与现行的救助计划比较,公民收入的核心功能是改善穷人的境况,同时保护弱势者的权利.然而这一主张至今并未进入各国的主流政治,究其原因,公民收入的实施最终是个政治过程.     

Local Financial Development and Household Welfare in Vietnam: Evidence from a Panel Survey

We examine the impact of local financial development on household welfare in Vietnam. We employ household-level panel data for the periods 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2013 covering three provinces and measure local financial development at the district, sub-district and village levels. To account for potential endogeneity that could emanate from the fact that local economic development could spur local financial development, we employ a recently suggested method of identification through heteroscedasticity. Our results show that local financial development has a significantly positive effect on household annual income, consumption and consumption smoothing.     

Searching for Livelihood Security: Land and Mobility in Burkina Faso

The incremental approach to land reform in sub-Saharan Africa constitutes a rapprochement between proponents of the introduction of private property regimes and their critics. The incrementalists recognise that local tenure regimes can change and that they should be the basis of any land-reform programme. This article argues that an important gap remains with regard to the dynamics of tenure arrangements observed in a highly insecure environment, because the incremental approach retains a western-type of tenure security as its ultimate goal. Geographic mobility of actors and fields is essential to the protection of livelihoods in the north-central region of Burkina Faso. This mobility not only is made possible by the prevailing land tenure regime but also underpins its flexibility and allows the merging and shifting of rights. All of this argues against the establishment of western-type tenure security and in favour of the maintenance of flexible resource tenure regimes - a model discussed in recent years in relation to pastoral land use in drylands. This would have the additional advantage of integrating understandings of, and approaches to, pastoralists' and crop-farmers' land use in regions where these population groups already intermingle.     

国际粮价高位运行对中国粮食安全的影响及应对策略

当前,国际粮食价格持续上涨,根据联合国粮农组织(FA0)统计报告,2007年全球粮价指数上涨加%.导致全球粮价不断攀升的因素,除国际谷物的低库存、趋紧的供给现状与强劲的需求之间严重失衡,致使供求状况紧张,国际粮价一路走高外,生物质能源的广泛利用、大量玉米被用于生产乙醇也推高了玉米价格,进而导致其他粮食价格上涨.此外,气候变化带来的自然灾害致使庄家歉收,对全球粮食供给和需求产生了较大影响,也成为推动国际粮价上涨的诱因之一.面对国际粮食短缺和国际粮价上涨的现状,作为发展中国家的中国,保障粮食安全,减轻国际粮价高位运行带来的影响,制定切实可行的应对策略则至关重要.     

Impact of the 1996 Welfare Reform and Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts on Caribbean Immigrants

SUMMARY

This paper examines the impact of the 1996 Welfare Reform and Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility Acts on Caribbean immigrants in the United States. Drawing from the conceptual framework posited by Dye's (1984) Elite Preference Modelof policy analysis, the author argues that the three laws have created enormous economic and psychological difficulties among families in the United States. Developing countries in the Caribbean region have been severely impacted by the law since they have had to accommodate returning citizens when they are deported under provisions of immigration policies. The question for consideration by this paper is how may the legal and human rights of deportees be balanced against the rights of the U.S. government to secure its borders and ensure the security of its citizens? The paper also addresses issues of immigration, and international relations particularly the north-south dialogue between powerful developed countries such as the United States and small developing states of the Caribbean.     

国家与儿童：民国时期儿童福利政策与服务实践历史研究

儿童是家庭的瑰宝、民族的希望、国家的基石、社会的未来,儿童健康快乐幸福成长是国家最基本的社会福利责任。儿童照顾与儿童福利是社会福利最基础与最主要部分。民国是儿童福利事业奠基时期,儿童福利政策与儿童照顾服务历史经验具有特别重要意义。在社会现代化与福利制度创新背景下,儿童福利政策与照顾服务具有重大的理论政策意义。