论行政相对人的隐私保密权

目前,我国出现了大量行政权侵犯公民隐私权益的事件,因而如何在行政法的视野内保护公民的这一权益就有探讨的必要了。行政法领域中的隐私保密权概念,是从对隐私、隐私权的解析中得出的。在对隐私保密权与社会公众的知情权、行政主体的公权力之间的关系阐述的基础上,提出了平衡他们之间利益冲突的措施,即:行政主体在执法过程中应把握“比例原则”和行政相对人可行使程序对抗权制衡不法的执法行为。     

论公安执法权力的边界——由一则行政案例引起的思考

在当前的公安执法活动中存在着侵犯公民私权的现象,其中一个重要原因是执法者对公安执法权力边界的认识不明晰而越权执法,导致侵权。因此,必须在公安执法中树立以权利为本位的执法理念,明确公权力与私权利的边界,规范和限制公权力,保障私人权利自由行使。     

公民社会视角下的村民自治研究

公民社会是民主政治的基础,是公权力的合法性来源,体现了国家和社会的基本关系。公民社会是公众参与性社会,是公权力有限的社会,是政府与公民合作治理的社会,是具有包容性的多元社会。公民社会视角下的乡村自治组织的建设发展,目的在于构建公众参与性的乡村社会,保障广大农民的民主权利,培养农民的公共意识和公共精神,使农民真正成为村庄治理的主体,使村民自治在村民直接行使民主权利,实行自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的过程中真正发挥作用。     

公民法律素质与法治社会建设

依法治国和建设社会主义法治国家,要求公民具备与之相适应的法律素质。当前,我国公民的法律知识比较贫乏,权利意识淡薄,普遍缺乏对法的信仰。因此,应着重从培养公民的法律信仰、提升公民的权利意识、完善司法制度和进一步做好普法工作入手,来增强公民的法律素质。     

食物权的宪法化和法律保护

随着相关国际条约对食物权的明文规定和重视,很多国家已经将国际条约中食物权引入到本国作为保证公民"吃得饱"的权利,为政府设定了相关义务并设置了食物权的实现机制。其中有很多国家明确将食物权作为宪法性权利予以保护,还有一些国家则直接将国际条约中的食物权作为本国公民的基本权利予以适用,而另外有一些国家则通过部门法的形式为本国公民的食物权诉求提供法律保障。鉴于我国目前的贫困人口的现状,有必要将各国食物权的立法现状加以介绍,以供学术界进行反思和探讨。     

论公民的社会保障权

社会保障权是公民的一项基本权利、正确认识公民社会保障权利的性质 ,确立能够充分保护公民该项权利的法律原则 ,建立一个现代化的、具有中国特色的保障公民社会主义社会保障权实现的法律体系 ,直接关系社会的稳定和全面发展 ,关系到中国经济体制改革的成败和国家的长治久安。我国公民的社会保障权的实现目前尚还存在各种问题 ,亟待通过社会保障法律制度予以解决     

垄断抑或公开:算法规制的法经济学分析

人工智能时代,算法垄断在合谋定价、征信评级、量刑软件等方面的应用侵犯了公民的知情权、救济权。发展人工智能不能以财富最大化为目标,而应通过法律设定人工智能行为规范,确保个人相互之间的行为预测。当算法垄断构成对个人基本权利的胁迫和阻碍自由竞争时,法律应介入干涉。应用到公共服务领域的算法不得以"商业秘密"为由拒绝公开,法律应鼓励企业在算法开发早期公开源代码,以维护公共利益。     

城市拆迁之惑

建设部发布的《2003年城镇房屋概况统计公报》显示,全国城镇私有(自有)住宅建筑面积71.44亿平方米,住宅私有(自有)率为80.17％。相比之下,在美、英等发达国家,住房的自有率不过60％左右。高出国际通常水平约20％的住房自有率,表明绝大多数中国城镇家庭拥有了自己的房产,私有住宅的安全已关系到整个社会的稳定。 2004年宪法修正案提出:"公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯。""国家依照法律规定保护公民的私有财产权和继承权。"然而,私有住宅的稳定性仍面对不少问题。在紧缩地根的背景下,近年来各城市纷纷对城市用地进行"内部挖潜"。2004年1至3季度全国建设用地供应中,存量土地占了52％。大规模的拆除改造在一些地方从平房区走向了楼房区,新老私房主的命运交织令人生叹。如果人们对私有房产的信心被挫伤,整个城市将走向何处?《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》开始为各方议论。2001年11月1日起施行的这项法规,通常被认为给予了拆迁人强势地位。"很有必要废除现行的、赋予政府更多自由裁量权的法规--《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》,而制定一部保护公民住宅权的法律",已有学者发出这样的声音。     

浅析侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的预防

分析了侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的特征,包括公民个人信息的泄露往往并非公民个人的本意,具体的泄露主体和泄露原因难以查明,泄露和非法获取公民个人信息的行为往往与特定利益特别是经济利益挂钩,侵犯公民个人信息犯罪在近些年来呈现逐渐增多的态势。而侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的产生原因包括相关的法律法规不够完善,信息传播速度的加快和公民个人信息保护难度的提高,合法或非法掌握公民个人信息的单位或个人的行为缺乏相应的约束,公民个人信息存在相当大的市场需求以及公民的自我防护意识不强。相应地,针对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的预防措施包括国家立法保护机制的完善,建立健全个人信息的技术保护机制,自律保护机制的完善,淡化相关主体对公民个人信息的市场需求以及增强公民对个人信息的自我防护意识。     

论和谐社会视野下的公民知政权

公民知政权是公民依法享有的并通过一定方式知悉、获取执政党和国家机关及其工作人员各种政治活动信息，而不受他人和社会组织非法干涉、侵犯和剥夺的权利。公民知政权是公民的一项基本权利。我国已经初步形成保障公民知政权的民主制度和法律制度，但也存在一些问题和不足。应当通过完善党内民主制度和人民民主制度，进一步完善社会主义法律制度、行政制度和司法治制度，依法保障公民知政权。     

公民政策参与的功能分析

公民政策参与是指公民参与和影响公共政策过程的行为和活动。公民政策参与对于实现民主价值、保障公民权利,维护和增强政府合法性,保证政策的科学制定和顺利执行,保证政策的公共价值和提高公共服务的品质和效能等方面都有重要的积极意义。但公民政策参与并不必然对所有方面的政策问题解决都带来积极的效果,它也可能会使政策的质量、成本、利益取向以及政府效率和权威方面产生问题。重要的是要把握好“度”,尽可能地因势利导,使其扬长避短。     

The Decline of Federalism and the Rise of Morality-Policy Conflict in the United States

Morality policies-such as those pertaining to abortion, capitalpunishment, gambling, gay rights, pornography, and sex education—generateconflict over core values. These policies tend to be technicallysimple, potentially salient to the general public, and involvehigher than normal levels of citizen participation. They are,therefore, highly susceptible to being thrust into the activephase of policymaking when an incongruity develops between publicopinion and public policy. The reservation of authority to thestates on these issues embodied in the Tenth Amendment to theU.S. Constitution allows for closer policy-opinion congruence,therefore stabilizing morality policy politics. However, recentfederal actions on a range of morality policies have thrustthese issues onto the active political agenda of the states.     

Changing the Conversation: Can the Phone Hacking Scandal Lead to a New Covenant on Media Responsibilities?

This article examines the implications of the 2011 phone hacking scandal for press freedom in the United Kingdom. Specifically, it argues that the language of rights has too long dominated public discourse, which has led to discussion of media responsibilities being evaded. The article argues that there is now an opportunity for a radical restructuring of the relationship between the press, the public, and the political system that restores the media to their rightful role as a watchdog on government and steward of the people. It points to the need for independent regulation of the press and a statutory right of reply as means through which the relationship between media and citizen can be recast on the grounds of obligation and responsibility but argues that it is only when we move away from a framework grounded in rights to one grounded in responsibilities that meaningful change can flourish.     

"第四势力"与"舆论监督"之比较

首先,本文通过比较西方学者和我国学者对其所下的定义来展开阐述并解释"第四势力"与"舆论监督"的概念。其次,探讨二者的相同之处,如:二者都体现媒体的基本职能,二者都不是绝对的自由,二者都体现公益性,二者都来源于公民权利。第三从法理的层面运用阐述二者的不同点:二者的主体性质不同、二者所包含的内容不同,法律对二者的要求不同,对二者的主要制约方式不同。最后,探求我国"舆论监督"的发展方向。     

Citizenship and Res Publica : The Emergence of Republican Rights

A fourth kind of citizens' rights--the republican rights--are being recognized and enforced in the last quarter of the twentieth century, after the civil, political, and social rights have been defined. Republican rights are the rights that every citizen has that the public patrimony, the res publica , is utilized on behalf of the public interest. While civil rights protect citizens against a powerful state, republican rights protect the state against powerful citizens involved in several forms of rent-seeking. Three major types of republican rights are identified: rights to the environment, to the historical patrimony, and to the economic patrimony. The last, in flow terms, corresponds to the state's revenues, which are permanently threatened by businessmen, bureaucrats, and all kinds of special interest groups, sometimes in subtle ways. To identify and contain these threats is a major challenge for modern institutions and law systems.     

论公共精神的培养

公共精神是公民道德和公共行政伦理的基础,培养起广大公民的公共精神,才可以建设良好的公民道德和公共行政伦理.公共精神的生长空间是公共生活和公民社会,它的人格化则是公民气质,故而必须落实到对公民个体的引导上.     

Public Trust in Government in Japan and South Korea: Does the Rise of Critical Citizens Matter?

Based on the Asia Barometer Survey of 2003, 2004, and 2006, government performance, citizen empowerment, and citizen satisfaction with self‐expression values are associated with public trust in government in Japan and South Korea. This study finds, first, that government performance on the economy, controlling political corruption, the quality of public services, crime, and attention to citizen input are significantly associated with broad public trust in government in both Japan and South Korea. Likewise, citizens’ satisfaction with their right to gather and demonstrate and to criticize the government is closely connected to trust in central and local governments in Japan. In South Korea, citizens’ satisfaction with their right to gather and demonstrate is intimately linked to trust in local government. Implications for government leadership to enhance performance, transparency, citizen participation, and public trust in government are analyzed and elaborated upon in this insightful study.     

A review of security and privacy concerns in digital intelligence collection

In recent years, government leaks have brought many alleged potential privacy violating intelligence collection programs to the public arena. Intelligence collection can affect the privacy rights of citizens from any country. While the concept of privacy is a complicated one, United States citizen privacy is protected by various policies and laws. This paper reviews these alleged intelligence collection programs, as well as specific laws set in place to protect privacy. Also presented are discussions on public opinion and whether or not digital intelligence collection are providing a safer environment for Americans.