民国时期弱势群体的法律保护

弱势群体是一个社会当中相对脆弱的群体。在民国社会特定的背景之下,灾荒逃民、战乱流民、失业游民及老幼病残等人构成了民国社会的弱势群体,他们的生存状态堪忧,严重影响了当时的社会稳定。对此,民国政府作出了必的回应,采取措施,开展立法,建立机构,与社会民众一道共同推进弱势群体保护事业,确保社会稳定发展。民国政府在开展弱势群体保护的过程中,表现出保护对象的广泛性、救济措施的主动性、政府民间的合力性等特色,值得当下的我们进一步考察和分析。     

The Spatio-Legal Production of Bodies Through the Legal Fiction of Death

Law and Critique - Definitions of death are often referred to as legal fictions since brain death was conceived in the mid-twentieth century. Reference to legal fiction is generally paired with...     

我国农业投资主体法律研究

我国农业投资主体经历了从计划经济的国家和农户模式到市场经济的多元投资主体模式的转变。在这种转变过程中,农业投资主体从单一模式向多元化模式转变。各种农业投资主体在农业投资中享有的职权(权利)和应当履行的职责(义务)是农业投资研究的重要方面。对于农业投资主体享有的职权(权利)和应当履行的职责(义务)应当通过立法的方式使之规范化。     

Securitization and Judicial Review: A Semiotic Perspective on the Relation Between the Security Council and International Judicial Bodies

This article examines therelation between the Security Council andinternational judicial bodies. The first partexplains, on the basis of linguistic theoriesof international security, the new role assumedby the Security Council after the Cold War. Thesecond part analyses, on the basis of insightsborrowed from legal semiotics, the position ofinternational judicial organs vis-à-vis theSecurity Council (especially the InternationalCourt of Justice and the Tribunals for Rwandaand the former Yugoslavia). The article arguesthat international judicial bodies havedeveloped ways of checking the power of theSecurity Council, which go beyond thetraditional modes of judicial review. Legalsemiotics offers the tools necessary tounderstand these countervailing activities andthus the relation between internationaljudicial bodies and the Security Council ingeneral.     

我国社区矫正执行主体的法律定位

一、我国社区矫正工作目前存在的问题 在社区矫正试点工作开展之初,试点地区北京的主要工作理念是现行社区矫正工作试点是对原有的由公安机关作为执行主体的社会服刑工作的继承与改革完善。在现行法律框架下,社区矫正工作的定位是刑罚执行活动,执行主体与执行对象没有改变,但具体的执行工作与矫正内容是由国家司法行政系统的基层司法所及专业社区矫正人员承担与负责落实。司法部2005年《司法行政机关社区矫正工作暂行办法》肯定了这种做法。但这种实际执行工作与履行法律手续相脱节的模式,在实践中产生了不少问题。     

社会弱势群体法律保护问题论纲

保护与救济社会弱势群体是实现社会公正和法律实质正义的基本要求,是构建和谐社会的题中应有之义。虽然法律机制因其局限性而无法解决社会弱势群体利益需求的全部问题,但是法律机制在保护社会弱势群体方面不可或缺、不可替代。社会弱势群体法律保护的基本内容应该围绕权利宣言和权利保障展开,核心问题应该是在给人以机会、给人以能力、给人以物质帮助三个方面寻求制度努力。     

The Color Code of National Identity in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Novel Crime and Punishment: Semiotic and Legal Analysis

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - The article discusses the characterization of the visualization of (non)visible reality in Crime...     

Custodial Legal Assistance and Notification of the Right to Silence in France: Legal Cosmopolitanism and Local Resistance

Until the enactment of the Law of 14 April 2011, suspects questioned by the police in France were entitled to meet their lawyer only once in the first 24 h of custodial interrogation and only for 30 min, and were not notified of their right to silence. Extrapolating from the exceptionalism of the pre-April 14 regime of custodial interrogation, this article challenges the position of the fast growing cosmopolitanism of modern legal systems and argues that when one moves from rough generalisations to specific contextual inquiries, a more nuanced picture of the cosmopolitan tendencies of modern legal systems may emerge. This article also demonstrates that legal cosmopolitanism can be a powerful force for legal reform. The April 14 legislation was introduced quickly as a result of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights against the backdrop of two-century incremental development of French criminal procedure in this domain. This contrast lends itself to translating the April 14 reforms as a result of cosmopolitan pressures coming from outside the national legal system rather than cosmopolitan attitudes spontaneously generated from within. The article illustrates that external cosmopolitan pressures go hand in hand with local resistance, that legal nationalism underpins local resistance and that resistance fluctuates depending on the institution at the receiving end of cosmopolitan pressures. It concludes that indigenous cosmopolitan attitudes, generated through a renewed emphasis on comparative law, can better accommodate resistance.     

论弱势群体权利法律保护的理论逻辑

弱势群体是指在社会生活中处于弱势地位的人群的总称.在当代中国的社会转型期,该群体的存在是不可避免的.对弱势群体的权利给予法律保护是政府的义务.应然逻辑从制度、价值、伦理和效用等方面要求政府必须保护弱势群体的权利,实然逻辑要求政府建构以宪法为核心、立法为基础和司法为手段的弱势群体权利网络化的法律保护体系.     

当前农村弱势群体法律援助面临的问题和对策

近年来,我国法律援助制度建设取得长足进步,但针对农村弱势群体的法律援助明显滞后。究其原因主要有:现有法律规定不完善、法律援助适用标准模糊、资金来源渠道单一、法律援助队伍不健全、法律援助的实施缺乏有效监督。有鉴于此,应该以坚持基本权利保障、尊重个人发展权和公平正义原则为指导思想,细化农村弱势群体的法律援助适用标准,加强法律援助队伍的建设与监管,进一步健全和完善农村弱势群体法律援助制度。     

Canada as a Semiotic Society: Harold Innis,Roberta Kevelson,and the Bias of Legal Communications

The great Canadian economist/philospher Harold Innis, Marshall McLuhan’s teacher, was also especially interested in the way preserving the common law and multiple interpretive legal perspectives were essential to the preservation of human freedom. He greatly feared the rise of administratively made law as detrimental to the lively political life of free communities. Much of his work on legal theory, in which he urges Canadians to tenaciously protect their complicated legal system, anticipates the legal semiotic of Roberta Kevelson, although they had no knowledge of each other’s work and Innis may only have known of Charles Peirce indirectly. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation     

提高法律援助弱者获偿率之浅见

法律援助制度作为实现社会正义和司法公正,保障公民基本权利的国家行为,在一国的司法体系中占有十分重要的地位。如何将法律援助制度落到实处,发挥其作用,体现其效果,是落实科学发展观的具体要求。本文所讨论的弱者获偿率是指申请并获得了法律援助的当事人最终获得实际赔偿（补偿）金额与请求给予赔偿（补偿）金额的比率。提高法律援助中弱者的实际获偿率是提高法律援助质量,保障弱者权利的必然要求,也是体现法律援助效果,落实法律援助制度的重要步骤。     

论人体组织器官支配的法律问题

公民有权保护自己的身体健康不受非法侵害,但公民是否有权自损健康,让与自己的身体组织器官,以挽救他人的生命呢?我国法律对此没有明文规定,作者认为：公民有权支配自己的身体组织器官,这种权利属于公民身体权的内容,但公民在行使此项权利时,要受到法律的严格限制。     

论影响我国社会主体法律思维生成的因素及其消解

法律思维是我国和谐社会建设不可或缺的观念保障。然而,由于受各种主、客观因素的影响,我国社会主体法律思维的总体水平依然较低,这无疑会对现代和谐社会的建设产生不可低估的阻滞作用。为更好地推进法治型和谐社会的构建,我们不但要努力改变影响法律思维生成的各种外在性因素,而且还必须努力提升社会主体自身的各种内在素质。