The Majority of Policemen Do Not Know the Law "On the Police"

More than two-thirds of Russian policemen do not know the Law "On the Police," according to a four-month survey of more than 2,000 policemen in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Stavropol krai, and Smolensk oblast.     

From the Lubianka to the Kremlin,and Back

Literatumaia gazeta today held one of its regular meetings at "Club–206." Our guest was Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin, director of the Federal Agency on Counterintelligence Services.     

Individual Confidence Intervals Do Not Inform Decision-Makers About the Accuracy of Risk Assessment Evaluations

Some recent articles have proposed that the confidence interval for the predicted outcome of a single case can be used to describe the predictive accuracy of risk assessments (Hart et al. Br J Psychiat 190:60–65, 2007b; Cooke and Michie, Law Hum Behav 2009). Given that the confidence intervals for an individual prediction are very large, Cooke and colleagues have questioned the wisdom of applying recidivism rates estimated from group data to single cases. In this article, we argue that the confidence intervals for the recidivism outcome predicted for a single case will range between zero to one (i.e., be uninformative) when the outcome is dichotomous and the predicted probability is between .05 and .95. This is true by definition and limits the utility of using individual confidence intervals to measure predictive accuracy. Consequently, other quality indicators (many of which are non-quantitative) are needed to determine the accuracy and error of risk evaluations.     

Why Do They Not Comply with the Law? Illegality and Semi‐Legality among Rural‐Urban Migrant Entrepreneurs in Beijing

Based on in-depth interview materials, this article examines why most rural-urban migrant entrepreneurs in Beijing do not fully comply with a discriminatory license requirement, and in particular, why they prefer license-renting from the locals. This article suggests that the law's lack of legitimacy adds weight to instrumental considerations. But more important, this license-renting practice seems to be reinforced and sustained institutionally by local businesses, law enforcement officers, and the local authorities, because their interests are inextricably intertwined with it. The whole situation constitutes a general equilibrium through which various interests are balanced. This case study thus paints a far more complicated picture of the law's impact on people's behavior than usually assumed. Instrumental concerns, or coercive action and sanctions alone, do not adequately explain people's interaction with the law in a "lawless" circumstance; a whole range of instrumental concerns must be considered, and they, together with sanctions, must be understood in the context of a larger institutional environment in which the interactions of various players unfold.     

政府、市场与公民社会三足鼎立中的有效政府

有效政府是经济和社会发展的关键,提高政府的有效性,已成为当今政府改革的主要价值取向。中国当然也概莫能外,有效政府要能正确处理其与市场和公民社会之间的关系,并能创造条件,充分发挥市场和公民社会的优越性,同时,又要能不断提升政府能力,更好地履行其经济职能。     

试析城市规划的基本属性与转型期政府行为之间的矛盾

目前, 我国的城市化已进入了加速发展时期, 城市的发展需要正确、合理的城市规划作为保障。充分认识城市规划的公共利益属性、法律属性、开放属性、可持续发展属性, 对于城市规划的编制和实施具有非常重要的意义。但在转型时期, 有些城市政府在规划中片面注重经济效益, 规划决策非程序化, 急于扩大城市的发展规模, 没有建立起与公众长期开放的沟通渠道, 这与城市规划的基本属性是不相符的。因此, 必须运用科学发展观理论对政府行为加以引导和规范。     

代议制与公共财政——近代西方代议制宪政模式的形成及其作用机理分析

宪政包含着责任政府原则,其核心价值之一,就在于确保国家权力的公共性,以便保证国家权力用于公共服务。透视近代西方国家宪政的发展历程,就会注意到近代西方国家的宪政模式是代议制,而代议制宪政模式的作用机理又是与国家财政的公共化建构紧密联系在一起的。代议制既是近代西方国家的宪政模式,又是近代西方国家财政公共化建构的制度之基。因为,只有确保国家财政的公共化才能确保国家权力的公共性。这也正是近代西方宪政模式与其古典和中世纪时期宪政模式的不同之处:后者主要是通过司法来规制国王所代表的行政权力,表现为司法型宪政模式;而前者主要是通过议会对国家财政的公共化组建和监管,来实施对行政权力的政治规范和约束,表现为代议制型宪政模式。     

政府挫败的防范与启示

市场失灵导致政府对经济生活的干预和强化。然而政府失败又引发了对政府调控经济的质疑。研究政府失败及防范,对于提高我国政府宏观调控经济的能力与水平,有着极为重要的现实意义。     

谈政府信息公开环境下政府网站的建设

政府网站作为政府信息搜集、发布和管理的平台,为政府行政提供了一个有效的信息交流和传递通道。但目前我国现有的一些政府网站在提供政府信息服务方面存在着许多不足,严重地影响了政府网站作用的正常发挥。本文分析了我国政府网站存在的主要问题,并据此提出了相关的对策与建议,以期对提高我国政府网站的服务水平起到一定的作用。     

Move Analysis of Legal Justifications in Constitutional Tribunal Judgments in Poland: What They Share and What They Do Not

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - It appears that we know surprisingly little about how judges frame linguistically the rationale...     

与时俱进与政府创新

随着社会经济的发展,政府创新势在必行。通过创新政府理念,发展电子政务,建立学习型政府和富有创造精神的公务员队伍,来推动政府理念、目标、能力、形象的全面创新,不仅是与时俱进的精神内涵和具体要求,也是弘扬与时俱进精神的必然要求。。     

论人权原则与政府信息公开

人权原则以及政府信息公开制度的确立,体现了我国法治建设的重大成就和历史性进步。人权原则对政府信息公开制度具有理论和实践指导意义,人权原则在政府信息公开过程中具有抗衡权、正当程序实现权和保护请求权等应然权利。本文将人权原则理念与政府信息公开制度两者联系起来加以考察,以求达到人权原则对政府信息资源运用的理性指导与控制,进而构建政府权威信息源头地位。     

The Way We Do Europe: Subsidiarity and the Substantive Democratic Deficit

The new institutional framework of subsidiarity is expected to lower the EU democratic deficit. In contrast to this optimistic scenario, I argue that the success of subsidiarity depends on its capacity to unravel the EU's ‘substantive’ democratic deficit. Linked to the Union's functionalist institutional design, this dimension of the democratic deficit has developed due to two limitations of EU‐level politics. First, the EU functionalist design has narrowed the range of topics open to democratic debate (horizontal substantive democratic deficit). Second, the proportion of the debate which we could genuinely describe as being political is declining as a result of the de‐politicisation of EU goals, underpinned by a massive accumulation of allegedly apolitical expert knowledge (vertical substantive democratic deficit). Against this background, I contend that by involving actors relatively alien to the EU functionalist thinking, subsidiarity could offer an opportune ground for the re‐politicisation of democratic ‘blind spots’ in EU policy making.     

开放政府与修改《政府信息公开条例》的内容定位

修改《政府信息公开条例》要处理好《政府信息公开条例》与其他行政公开立法的分工,重大行政决策过程公开、行政执法公开等为行政行为中的公开机制,可在行政程序立法中予以规定。修法应当回归《政府信息公开条例》作为权利法的法律属性,实现知情权法定,确立公开原则,扩展公开范围,取消限制公民知情权实现的相关机制。修法还应回应互联网时代对开放政府数据提出的立法需求,完善政府数据开放的内部与外部机制。     

依法规范县、乡政府行政行为，建立高效率的政府职能机制

本文系统地论述了县、乡政府的行政行为的范围,我国县、乡政府行政行为与其他行政行为的不同点,根据目前我国中央政府的分权改革使地方政府获得了广泛的自主权,自主空间的扩展等特点,分析了我国县、乡政府行政行为中存在的问题,提出了加强制约县、乡政府行政行为,增强准确信息的沟通,实现县、乡政府职能转变,在农村推广法治改革,在法治轨道内引导农民有序地进行政治参与依法规范县、乡政府行为,建立高效率的政府职能机制。