伦理领导与企业社会责任:利益相关者压力和权力距离的影响效应

近年来,研究者就企业社会责任履行的前置因素和动力机制进行了大量的探索,其中伦理领导对企业社会责任的影响受到越来越多的关注和探讨。本文在现有文献研究的基础上,构建了伦理领导对企业社会责任影响的调节—中介效应模型,探讨组织伦理文化的中介作用和利益相关者压力与权力距离的调节效应。实证结果表明,组织伦理文化对伦理领导与企业社会责任具有部分中介作用,利益相关者压力和权力距离对伦理领导与组织伦理文化分别具有负向和正向的调节效应。本文的研究清晰阐述了伦理领导对企业社会责任影响的作用机制,明确了伦理和文化对企业承担社会责任的重要意义,为政府制定政策和监管企业履行社会责任提供帮助,激励企业负责任行为。     

现实人与虚拟人的对话—网络时代教育主体的交往方式

网络时代的现实人和虚拟人是有其特殊内涵的,建立在对话基础上的交往关系是他们相互生成的根本,现实人与虚拟人的对话关系与现实世界中主体与主体之间的对话关系有着本质差异,它可以超越一定的时空限制,将客观世界、社会世界和主观世界有机地结合起来,并弥合现实和虚拟的界限,现实人与虚拟人的对话主要是通过对网上本的选择和解读而发生的,这种对话有利于促进网络教育主体的人格平等与共进,进而达到教育主体的生成与发展。     

非营利组织所得税优惠制度比较与借鉴

非营利组织在提供公共物品、保障社会公益方面有弥补政府缺陷的"替代效益",许多国家或地区为了鼓励和促进公益事业,均从所得税法方面对捐赠人和非营利组织自身作了税收优惠的制度安排。我国应进一步提高对捐赠人的税前扣除额,区分非营利组织收入的不同性质给予不同的税收优惠待遇,加强对非营利组织的税收监管。     

专业审判委员会组织结构完善研究

《人民法院组织法》增设专业委员会这一新的审判委员会组织形式,是对多年来法院改革成果的立法确认。与传统审委会相比,专业委员会的组织目标更加明确,组织结构更加合理,组织边界更加清晰,对于发挥审委会职能作用、提高法院裁判专业化水平具有更加积极的意义。但由于立法较为概括,实践中该制度在设置条件、运行规则、配套机制等方面仍存在欠缺,可能虚化其应有功能。应当围绕司法体制综合配套改革和审判委员会改革的总体要求,进一步明确专业审判委员会的组织特征,规范其运行规则,完善其配套机制,使之真正成为中国特色社会主义司法制度的先进成果。     

The Impact of Distributive and Procedural Justice on Social Service Workers

The concepts of fairness and justice are embodied within the organizing principle of social justice. Although social justice is a primary focus of social work, social service workers are not always treated with fairness by their own employers. The results from a survey of 255 social service employees from a variety of agencies in Northwest Ohio indicate that distributive justice and procedural justice, two dimensions of organizational justice, are both significant predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, with procedural justice having two to three times the impact of distributive justice.     

国家治理现代化视阈下的法律、道德与组织规范关系

国家治理现代化须以系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的规范体系为基础。而法律、道德和"组织规范"共同构成现代社会的规范体系。因而,高度重视"组织规范"并正确处理好它与法律道德的关系,就显得十分重要。"组织规范"具有民间性、自主和自治性,有权制定并实施"组织规范",约束组织本身及其成员的相关行为。这些"组织规范"上承法律下接道德,但又不是照抄照搬,而是依"法无禁止即可为"原则独立存在。在中国继续深化改革和努力实现国家治理现代化的背景下,有必要重新认识三大基础规范的关系,从而有效发挥"组织规范"的作用,构建良好社会秩序。     

CNKI中关于“干部教育培训组织管理有效性”的研究

提高干部教育培训组织管理的有效性,是干部教育培训改革的重要着力点。近年来,理论界和各级各类干部培训机构围绕这一问题进行了卓有成效的探讨,取得了许多可贵的成果。本文以CNKI中搜索到的相关成果为研究对象,运用文献计量学的方法,从文献来源数据库、发表年度和出版来源、作者单位及研究成果资助与主题观点的角度进行分析,通过分析综述目前研究的主要方面,发现研究中存在的问题,为深入研究此问题提供参考。     

Structure and Function: Impact on Employment of Women in Law Enforcement

Although women experienced a marked increase in representation as full-time sworn law enforcement officers during the 1980s and 1990s, growth has slowed in recent years and women continue to be underrepresented in the profession. Employing multiple waves of Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics data, this study describes trends in representation of women in policing and explores their continued lack of representation to determine whether organizational variables (structure and function) work to support a hegemonic masculinity and whether those structures are malleable over time. Results from a series of ordinary least squares regression models indicate several structural impediments to women in policing, but these are not consistent barriers.     

The Influence of Opening Statement/Closing Argument Organizational Strategy on Juror Verdict and Damage Awards

This study examines the influence of the organizational strategy used to structure opening statements and closing arguments on presentation effectiveness in a simulated civil trial. Two organizational structures, a narrative and a legal-expository format, were manipulated to produce a 2 (plaintiff organizational strategy) × 3 (defense organizational strategy) experimental design. Results indicate that a mixed organizational strategy (narrative opening/legal-expository closing) is more effective for the plaintiff than a strict narrative strategy, and either a mixed or strict legal-expository organizational strategy is more effective than a strict narrative strategy for the defense.     

组织行为视角下互联网平台劳动关系从属性展开的新进路

劳动关系从属性源于现代化生产中个人对组织的依赖和屈从,组织通过经济体制、组织体系、心理契约等形成权力与权威,保障组织的存续和实现对劳动者的管理。从属性及其判断标准是组织权力与权威的果,而非因。以平台用工为代表的新型灵活用工模式,有意识地针对传统从属性判断标准编织了一套包含隐蔽权力、转变权威、变更外部标志等新组织形态面纱,使得传统从属性判断标准日益难以做出判断。通过对网络平台用工组织权力和权威的分析,可以更好地理解新组织形态背后的从属性变化的路径。对平台用工从属性的理解,应当将本质论与组织变化相结合,合理扩大对从属性类型化的理解,采用积分累计式的检核体系实现组织与其用工的收因结果。     

探析我国上市公司独立董事在职业化上的差距及相应对策

独立董事作为一种新型职业，其职业化有着独特的内涵。而目前，我国上市公司的独立董事离此方面的要求尚有极大的差距。要使我国的独立董事在公司治理中能切实履行其应有职责，就必须在明确其职能、提高其准入门槛、授予其较大权力和给付其较稳定的高额薪酬等方面对其进行培育，从而使其逐步走向职业化。     

上市公司独立董事制度的反思和重构——康美药业案中独董巨额连带赔偿责任的法律思考

康美药业案是推动我国独董制度变革的里程碑案例。为激活独董功能、保护中小股东权益、培育独董职业共同体、促进上市公司治理现代化,亟需从立法论、监管论、治理论、控制论、履职论、维权论、裁判论和评价论等八个方面完善独董制度。上市公司“独董”仅指“独立非执行董事”。应在《公司法》及配套法规中构建具有可诉性、可裁性和可执行性的独董规范群。独董是董事会决策参与者、公司合规监督者和专业顾问。但独董并非公司治理承重墙。为缓解独董压力,建议独董与公权力、自律监管权和市场力量协同推进公司治理现代化。应激活股东直接民主治理机制。独立性是独董的核心资产。应将独董选择权回归公众股东。要夯实独董专业性赋能机制。独董聘请的中介服务应前置于独董表决。要重构监管者与独董之间新型亲清监管合作关系,强调独董勤勉义务的特殊性,确立中庸折衷的理性独董履职标准,引入独董责任合理减免机制。对2022年证券虚假陈述司法解释中独董无过错认定规则的解释要体现独董友好型理念。应建立独董赔偿责任最高限额。健全独董激励机制,推动津贴市场化改革,导入独董责任强制险,推行独董股权激励计划,鼓励独董职业化建设。     

The Impact of Punishment and Rehabilitation Views on Organizational Commitment Among Correctional Staff: A Preliminary Study

It has been long recognized that organizational commitment is an important component of effective organizations. It has, however, received relatively little attention in the correctional literature. Furthermore, much of the research to date on correctional orientation has focused on examining how various forces affect the punishment and rehabilitation views of correctional employees, but ignored how these views affect employees’ organizational commitment. Using a data set collected from 272 staff members at a Midwestern, high security state prison, this study examined the impact of punishment and rehabilitation views on organizational commitment. It was found that support for rehabilitation was associated with higher levels of organizational commitment while support for punishment was related with lower levels of organizational commitment.     

The role of procedural and distributive justice in organizational behavior

To investigate the relationship between fairness and organizational outcomes, the present study examined the survey responses of government employees at six Federal installations. Indices of procedural and distributive fairness were factor-analytically derived. Multiple regression analyses indicated that both the procedural measures and the distributive measures were significantly related to measures of job satisfaction, evaluation of supervisor, conflict/harmony, trust in management, and turnover intention. Procedural fairness accounted for significantly more variance than distributive fairness in each of these criterion measures, except for turnover intention. These findings are related to conceptual and methodological issues concerning procedural fairness and organizational behavior.     

The Impact of the EU Enlargement on Economic and Monetary Union: What Lessons Can Be Learnt From the Differentiated Integration Mechanisms in an Enlarged Europe?*

Abstract: Within the context of balancing the issues stemming from a widening and deepening of the European Union, differentiated integration mechanisms are taking shape as new organisational concepts for Community integration. Yet the increasing leverage granted to them from an institutional perspective could jeopardise the unity of the Community legal order . . . unless differentiated integration is regarded as a means and not as an end in itself; as such its success therefore depends on its ability to maintain the long‐term interests of all the Members States to go further in the EU integration. Faced with its own enlargement problems, EMU has demonstrated an aptitude to some extent for absorbing the non‐participating States. Four distinct legal reasons have emerged from research into its functioning and relations between the different categories of Member States to justify its attractive force. An assessment of the current and future enhanced cooperation frameworks using these four elements demonstrates the existence of essentially cooperative systems, whilst their appeal is only modest.     

结构功能主义视角下重庆“后打黑时期”黑恶组织现状分析及其长效治理

以结构功能主义理论为视角,对“后打黑时期”重庆黑恶组织现状进行分析,认为黑恶犯罪的出现、发展源于对其有制约作用的各类群体、组织制约功能的弱化;同时借用帕森斯的任意系统必备功能项理论,提出重庆“后打黑时期”,修复警察、民众部分对黑恶犯罪的制约功能,以及对民众和警察部门的系统目标、整合、文化等功能进行协调是构建“治黑”长效机制的思考方向。     

略论中国区际商事仲裁中心的构建

香港、澳门回归后,在一国两制的政治体制下,建立了独立的司法体系。台湾目前虽未统一,但多年来已经事实上形成了自成一体的法律体系。而各法域现有的仲裁机构的运作方式及理念存在一定的差距,不一定为其它法域的当事人所接受。然而,司法独立决定了在可以预见的未来不可能建立起有效的区际司法中心,应建立具有民间性质的仲裁机制-区际商事仲裁中心。     

现场勘查指挥中存在的问题及其对策探析

现场勘查工作对刑事案件的侦破起着十分重要的作用,随着法制化进程的不断推进,对现场勘查各环节的规范化要求日益提高。当前各级公安机关都十分重视犯罪现场勘查仪器、设备的投入,然而硬件的完善只能为做好犯罪现场勘查工作提供技术支持,因此加强对犯罪现场勘查的环节控制,提出有针对性的解决对策就显得十分重要。     

中国上市公司董事会治理与制度完善

结合新修改的<公司法>、<证券法>,从董事会治理的角度讨论我国上市公司董事会制度的立法完善问题,指出董事会的立法应该以上市公司利益最大化制度为目标,而不是股东利益最大化,更不是控股股东利益的最大化.在这个理论前提下,在对我国现行的董事会运行实践和制度环境进行评述后,指出我国上市公司董事会治理中,董事会独立性不够,董事会决策和监督功能弱化.最后对我国上市公司董事会制度的立法完善提出了一系列立法建议和对策,包括:设立上市公司国有股权信托计划,弱化政府透过股权对董事会的超强控制;由债权银行提名专项董事参与上市公司运作,以提高金融分业经营格局下银行信贷资金的安全性和使用效益;建立董事执业档案以培育职业经理人市场.     

The Impact of Private Precautions on Home Burglary and Robbery in Brazil

Objectives

This study evaluates the effects of precaution technologies (i.e., window bars, extra locks, alarms and electric fences, CCTV, private security, dogs and combinations of these tools) on household burglary and robbery in Brazil.

Methods

Using a sample of 121,042 unique households from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey for 2009, this study estimates a Recursive Bivariate Probit to obtain the average treatment effect of these precaution technologies in the likelihood of home burglary and robbery victimization.

Results

This study demonstrates that technology does not reduce home burglaries, but certain combinations of technologies may reduce home robberies. The combination of electric fences and alarms with private security reduces the likelihood of home robbery by 9.5 %, and when combined with a dog, these technologies reduce the likelihood of home robbery by 86 %.

Conclusions

No precaution technology is able to prevent crimes when employed independently. Occupancy combined with a set of technologies can reduce the expected victimization in crimes against property.