Molecular-genetic identification of the hostages killed in the terror act on September 1-3, 2004, in Beslan

The authors describe principles, methods and staging of molecular-genetic identification of hostages killed in the Beslan terroristic act. Cases when it was impossible to identify person definitely are explained. Precise staging of the expert investigation is of key importance.     

现实主义与理想主义的此长彼消——“9.11”事件后美国朝野外交政策理念透视

在国际关系理论中 ,现实主义和理想主义是两种相互对立的理论 ,二者对美国的外交理念及外交政策的影响存在着此长彼消的关系。本文回顾了这两种外交理念的渊源及其对美国外交影响的变化情况 :在整个冷战时期 ,美国的外交政策和理念更多地受到现实主义的影响 ,冷战结束后 ,理想主义的影响上升 ;布什政府执政以来 ,特别是“9.1 1”事件以后 ,现实主义外交理念在美国朝野强劲抬头。     

International Conference on Harmonisation; Guidance on Q4B Evaluation and Recommendation of Pharmacopoeial Texts for Use in the International Conference on Harmonisation Regions; availability. Notice

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a guidance entitled "Q4B Evaluation and Recommendation of Pharmacopoeial Texts for Use in the ICH Regions." The guidance was prepared under the auspices of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The guidance describes a process for the evaluation and recommendation by the ICH Q4B Expert Working Group (EWG) of selected pharmacopeial texts to facilitate their recognition by regulatory authorities for use as interchangeable in the ICH regions. Following favorable evaluations, ICH will issue topic-specific annexes with information about these texts and their implementation (the Q4B Outcomes). Implementation of the Q4B annexes is intended to avoid redundant testing by industry in favor of a common testing strategy in each ICH regulatory region.     

J. Quigley,The Statehood of Palestine: International Law in the Middle East Conflict,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge 2010, xx +326 pp., UK£17.99. ISBN 978-0-521-15165-8. doi:10.1017/S0165070X11200068

Netherlands International Law Review -     

Genocide, Complicity in Genocide and International v. Domestic Jurisdiction: Reflections on the van Anraat Case

When adjudicating international crimes, domestic courts arefaced with a choice between the application of internationallaw or national law. In the recent van Anraat judgment, a DutchDistrict Court explicitly opted for the former alternative.This approach led to the accused's acquittal of complicity ingenocide. In the Court's opinion, there was no proof beyonda reasonable doubt that van Anraat had actual knowledge of SaddamHussein's special intent to destroy part of the Kurdish population.According to the Court, such proof is required under internationallaw. This article argues that the Court's preference for internationallaw was not prescribed, either by international law or by domesticlaw, although in principle such preference may prove advisable,whenever international rules are clear and exhaustive. Aftertracing the intricate legal discussions on mens rea requirementsfor genocide and complicity in genocide, the author concludesthat the issue has not yet been completely elucidated in internationalcase law and legal literature. In situations of ambiguity whereinternational case law offers insufficient guidance, domesticcourts would better resort to their own criminal law. As Dutchcriminal law extends the mens rea of the accomplice beyond ‘knowledge’so as to cover dolus eventualis as well, application of domesticlaw might have affected the outcome of the case.