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法律形式与法律渊源的关系比较复杂,但是我国学者一般将之作为等同的概念使用。这种观点导致了某些学术上的混乱,也导致法律形式和法律渊源各自的作用没能够充分发挥。正确界定法律渊源和法律形式,是实现二者区分的逻辑起点。法律形式是法律文本的表现方式;法律渊源是裁判规范的集合体,法官从中发现裁决案件所需要的裁判依据和裁判理由。由此可以得出二者之区分:从实践来看,法律渊源之法是指司法之法,法律形式之法是指立法之法;从内容来看,法律渊源之法是具有一定开放性的规则体系,而法律形式则是具有一定封闭性的规则体系;从路径来看,法律渊源之法是在司法适用过程发现和寻找的,法律形式之法是立法中形成的。司法适用之法完全局限于制定法之时,二者会出现种属统一,但是其概念内涵依然有着重大区别。 相似文献
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唐格的散佚,使上世纪初在敦煌发现的五件唐格显得弥足珍贵,其中惟一的刑事法律文献《神龙散颁刑部格残卷》尤其值得关注。该文献不仅使我们得窥唐格之原貌,而且佐证了“格”在唐律中的位阶、性质和效力。通过对她的研究,既可明了中国古代法律形式之变异,开掘法律史探析的深度,又可从法学的角度追溯唐格之来源,以阐明其流变,对中华法系史之研究具有积极意义。 相似文献
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儿童精神分析的出现被视为是精神分析"新范式的开始".儿童精神分析学的方法主要来自并运用于临床实践与临床发现,迥异于学院心理学的方法,有其自身的特色与优势.其方法主要包括两个方面,一是研究方法,二是治疗方法.儿童精神分析学最主要的方法包括重构法、观察法、实验法、测验法以及游戏疗法.纵观儿童精神分析学的主要方法,我们会发现它们与发展心理学的研究方法有某些共同之处,但发展心理学则更多地是进行标准化研究和对发展过程的详细描绘,而儿童精神分析学者更多研究心理发展动力与潜意识的影响.二者在研究结果与研究内容方面出现了逐渐融合的趋势,越来越多的儿童精神分析学的研究主题,如母婴关系、自我功能、自我发展、分离与剥夺、受挫与攻击性等逐渐纳入发展心理学的视野. 相似文献
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敦煌民间文学艺术是民族文化艺术的瑰宝,是珍贵的世界文化艺术遗产.较之它的灿烂辉煌,现行法律对其保护还处于外部实物的初级状态,没有对敦煌民间文学艺术表达这类“非物质的文化遗产”给予私权利益保护.为此,有必要从知识产权角度分析敦煌民间文学艺术表达的可保护性,将其纳入到知识产权法范畴予以保护.同时,通过立法设计以精神表彰、经济利用为核心的敦煌民间文学艺术表达成果权,设置该成果权代表主体的组织形式及运行机制,为实现敦煌民族民间文学艺术成果权益,促进敦煌民族民间文学艺术健康、自主和良性发展,提供保障. 相似文献
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1957年秋冬(9月3日至12月2日),郑振铎应邀去东欧访问和讲学,先后到了保加利亚、捷克斯洛伐克和苏联各地,还参加了庆祝十月革命40周年等一系列政治活动.在列宁格勒东方学研究所的4天中,他查阅和抄录了敦煌文献并参观了博物馆等.郑振铎在出访时期,经常给家人和朋友、同事写信,并写有日记.但由于众所周知的原因,郑振铎当时并没有将其公布.目前整理出版的郑振铎日记和书信中保存了他在列宁格勒的见闻和观感,这是对苏藏敦煌文献在公布之前所能见到的最详尽记录,具有重要的史料价值. 相似文献
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英国近代考古学家斯坦因和中国近代外交家、清驻英国公使馆二等参赞陈贻范在1909-1910年有过几次交往,主要与英国皇家地理学会为斯坦因举办讲演会、英国中国学会为马继业举办讲演会以及张元济在英国调查斯坦因所获敦煌文献等事件有关.本文以匈牙利科学院图书馆藏陈贻范、张元济致斯坦因信等资料为线索,对斯坦因和陈贻范相识、交往的经过进行了初探,为研究陈贻范的生平和张元济调查英藏敦煌文献的活动提供了新资料.本文认为,以陈贻范为代表的清朝驻英使馆外交官员没有将英国各报刊上关于斯坦因敦煌考古的信息通报给国内,是导致敦煌文物大规模外流的原因之一. 相似文献
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我国刑罚体系外资格刑的整合 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在我国刑罚体系外存在大量资格刑.这些资格刑无资格刑之名,行资格刑之实,且设计存在诸多不合理之处.为更好地发挥资格刑预防再犯的作用,有必要对这些体系外资格刑进行整合:在刑罚体系中增设禁止从事特定职业或活动资格;分解剥夺政治权利刑,将体系外的剥夺公职资格相关规定纳入其中;增设复权制度. 相似文献
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民法案例分析的基本方法探讨 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
探讨案例分析方法对于沟通理论和实务、保障司法公正 ,具有重要意义。案例分析的基本方法是法律关系分析法和请求权基础分析法。两者不能互相替代 ,而是相互独立的 ,同时又互有融合交叉 ,因而不可偏废 相似文献
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Abstract. Different legal expert systems may be incompatible with each other: A user in characterizing the same situation by answering the questions presented in a consultation can be led to contradictory inferences. Such systems can be "synthesized" to help users avoid such contradictions by alerting them that other relevant systems are available to be consulted as they are responding to questions. An example of potentially incompatible, related legal expert systems is presented here - ones for the New Jersey murder statute and the celebrated Quinlan case, along with one way of synthesizing them to avoid such incompatibility. 相似文献
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Sheldon Leader 《The Modern law review》2007,70(5):713-730
How should one define the legitimate reach of individuals' institutional obligations in the light of their right to freedom of religion? The most divisive settings for this question involve exclusions from certain jobs and schools. At the same time, some fundamental issues of ethics and law lie in the background. One of the most central concerns choice. On one approach, if there are other sources of work or education that do not make the same demands on the objector then she should choose between conforming and taking up that alternative. On another approach, even if there are such alternatives, people should not be confronted with such a dilemma: they should be entitled to stay in their preferred institution, which must make its best effort to accommodate them. The conflict between these two views arises from underlying differences concerning the nature of free choice itself; about the obligations borne by institutions in civil society; and about basic rights. The connections between these notions are investigated, and a way through the disagreement is suggested. 相似文献
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主体与客体首先是一对用以解释人与外界的哲学范畴,在进入到法学、尤其是民法学的场景之后,它们发生了巨大的变化。将法律关系的主、客体对立起来的法律理论会带来很多问题。一方面这种二元对立理论在划分标准上存在着模糊不清之处既有重叠之处也有中空地带。另一方面法律术语的汉译无疑添加了新的烦恼却又无助于实际问题的解决。因此透过这组看似对立的概念反思其背后的机械的法学思维模式就是非常必要的了。 相似文献
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新能源、可再生能源的开发利用与环境资源保护之间存在相互依赖、彼此制约的复杂关系。就整个产业过程而言,新能源与可再生能源的开发利用,在有些情况下并不能同时达到能源供给和环境资源保护的双重目的,需要在确保能源供给和保护环境资源两个目标之间作出权衡取舍。为此,必须在立法上处理好新能源及可再生能源开发利用与环境资源保护的关系,在制度上相互衔接配套,从而避免立法上的冲突和实施中的矛盾。 相似文献
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Jana Valkova 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》1998,6(4):573-579
We must acknowledge, of course, that custody must be available as the ultimate sanction for criminal offending, but it must be an option of last resort. At last, not at least, there must be a realisation of the enormous cost - in economic and particularly in human terms. Therefore, the basic question is: What is the cheapest and at the same time the most effective way of punishment, bearing in mind the failure of strong repressive measures and only a partial success of depenalisation and decriminalisation? The community sanctions and measures seem to be the best solution and they can, to a certain extent, meet the expectation put into them. I am not going to describe the individual alternatives or the way of their implementation in Western Europe or North America. I would like to concentrate on some problems related to their introduction, which are faced in post-totalitarian societies. 相似文献
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《Russian Politics and Law》2013,51(4):46-50
A ramified system of public institutions for children has been established in the USSR, in which children who have been left without parents live and study. At the same time, legislation has provided for the adoption of children by individual citizens who may wish to take children into their families, raise and take care of them as they would their own. 相似文献
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民事诉讼中当事人商定举证期限与法院指定举证期限之应然关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
确定一个合理的举证期限既是科学设置举证时限制度的必备内容,也是其得以良性运作的重要前提。对于举证期限的确定,有关司法解释虽然明确了当事人商定和法院指定两种不同的方式,但却没有能够作出细致的规制。鉴于此,本文分析了有关规定在司法实践中存在的主要问题,检讨了当事人商定举证期限和法院指定举证期限各自的利弊得失,并在此基础上为进一步理顺二者之间的应然关系提出了完善建议。 相似文献
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J O Beahrs 《The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law》1989,17(2):171-181
"Hypnosis" denotes either specific phenomena (altered volition, perception, cognition, and recall) or interpersonal transactions that often elicit them. Basic research leads to paradox: hypnosis is validated, and shown to be dissociative in essence, at the same time that neither its phenomena nor transactions can be separated from those of everyday living without logical absurdity. This paradox can be resolved by assuming that consciousness and volition are complex, occurring simultaneously at many levels in the same waking individual. Hypnotic-like phenomena and transactions occur spontaneously, in either covert or overt forms. The former are pervasive, whereas the latter are often associated with psychological trauma. Forensic implications are twofold: for criminal responsibility, and the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Hypnotic-like states and transactions are rarely affirmed as an insanity defense because at some level these subjects are aware of what they are doing and why. Diminished capacity and mitigation of sentence are more appropriate defense strategies. Several conflicted traditions of case law have evolved to protect eyewitness testimony from hypnotic-like distortions in cognition, perception, and memory that can occur either during or outside of formal hypnotic procedures. These include the admissibility of posthypnotic testimony, due process safeguards at eyewitness identification procedures, and the admissibility of expert testimony on the findings of eyewitness research. These areas are inseparable from one another and demand a systematic coordinated approach. 相似文献