城乡统筹视角下社会保障法律制度的理论述评

社会保障法律制度是理论界研究的热点问题。关于社会保障法律制度研究主要集中在以下几个方面：社会保障法律制度中的公平与效率的关系、社会保障权以及社会保障的城乡统筹等。考察当前我国社会保障法律制度研究的热点问题,对进一步完善该制度具有重要意义。     

构建社会主义和谐社会 完善社会保障法律制度

在计划经济体制下形成的社会保障法律制度,已不适应社会主义市场经济体制发展的客观需要。为此本文在分析我国社会保障法律制度的建立与现状,阐述我国社会保障法律制度存在的主要问题基础之上;大胆提出完善我国社会保障法律制度的措施,在加快我国社会保障法的立法进程中,完善社会保障法律制度,构建社会主义和谐社会。     

社会保障立法之思考

社会保障制度在国家政治经济生活中具有非常重要的作用。任何社会保障制度比较成熟的国家，都是通过社会保障立法，使社会保障制度得以确立；通过社会保障法的实施，使社会保障制度得以规范；通过社会保障法的修改，使社会保障制度得以完善。我国的社会保障制度现正处于初创阶段。改革的深化与社会主义市场经济体制的建立，呼唤着具有中国特色的社会保障制度的建立。根据我国国情，社会保障制度的建立必须坚持“低水平、广覆盖、多层次”的基本方针，而这一正确方针的实施也会遇到大量十分复杂的困难。所幸的是，我国《劳动法》的颁布以及国…     

论我国社会保障制度的立法完善

社会保障法是确保社会保障制度按照既定目标实施的前提和基础,建立完善的社会保障法律体系,能够大大提高社会保障制度的可操作性,使国家在社会保障方面出台的政策、执行方法和相关规定具有法律效力和执行力。本文将通过研究我国社会现有社会保障制度的立法状况和法律法规实施情况,分析总结出我国现有社会保障制度在立法过程中存在的缺陷与不足,提出对我国社会保障制度的立法完善对策,以期加快社会保障法的立法进程。     

完善我国农民工社会保障法律制度研究

农民工社会保障问题是社会关注的焦点,解决农民工社会保障问题的核心是尽快将农民工社会保障制度纳入法律体系。但是目前我国农民工社会保障法律制度还存在诸多问题,而构建全国性的农民工社会保障法律制度也面临着诸多障碍。本文指出农民工社会保障法律制度的建设是一个系统工程,必须从思想意识、法律体系、相关配套制度等各个方面予以完善。     

中国农村社会保障立法存在的缺陷以及改善措施

社会保障是社会稳定和经济发展的重要保障,也是依法治国的重要环节。社会保障制度和社会保障立法有着不可分割的密切联系。社会保障立法既是社会保障的法律形式,也是构建社会保障制度体系的基础和依据。     

完善我国社会保障制度

文章指出我国正在构建的社会保障制度与发达国家的相同之处,提出完善我国社会保障制度的几点建议:建立健全更完整的社会保障法律体系．扩大社会保障法律、法规的覆盖范围,完善我国社会保障基金制度,建立社会保障学科建设.     

如何构建我国社会保障制度的新机制

当代西方福利国家的社会保障制度正从"黄金时期"转入"社会福利危机时期",对处于转型时期的我国来说,现行的社会保障制度也面临价值选择与制度重构的双重挑战。在统筹城乡发展与建设社会主义和谐社会的宏大背景下,社会保障的核心价值理念应从"反贫困、重效率"向"保障积极人权、追求社会公平正义"回归;社会保障的核心制度模式应当是发展型社会保障制度。建立发展型社会保障制度的关键是将国民的发展权置于首位,促进充分就业,使发展型社会保障与积极的就业政策之间呈现良性的互动。我国应依据上述原则和理念,构建社会保障制度的新机制。     

论国外社会保障制度对我国建立完善社会保障制度的启示

社会保障制度关系到我国改革、发展、稳定的大局和国家的长治久安。要把改革不断推向前进,必须相应推进社会保障制度改革,探索建立一套适应社会主义初级阶段基本国情的、符合社会主义市场经济要求的社会保障制度。现代社会保障制度,从其最初在西方国家萌芽至今已有一个半世纪的历史。在这长时期中,西方国家积累了社会保障制度建设的许多经验,其中有不少值得我国借鉴和学习,从而进一步完善我国现有的社会保障制度。     

德国社会保障法对我国的启示

世界上任何一个国家的社会保障制度的建立,无不以制定和实施社会保障法为起点。中国作为社会保障法律制度建设的后起之秀,构建社会保障法律体系是其必由之路。德国与我国生产力水平不同,社会制度不同,但就发展市场经济体制与建立社会保障制度来说,尚有共同的规律可循。认真汲取德国社会保障制度的经验与教训,对于加快建立我国符合社会主义市场经济体制要求的社会保障体系是大有益处的。     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

International aid,trade and investment and access and allocation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - The access to goods and their allocation (who gets what, when, where and how) is one of the analytical problems of the 2009...     

Accommodation and Satisfaction: Women and Men Lawyers and the Balance of Work and Family

This study of graduates of the University of Michigan Law School from the late 1970s reports on the differing ways that women and men have responded to the conflicting claims of work and family. It finds that women with children who have entered the profession have indeed continued to bear the principal responsibilities for the care of children, but it also finds that these women, with all their burdens, are more satisfied with their careers and with the balance of their family and professional lives than other women and than men.     

真相与正义，探究与辩护，科学与法律

在美国法律文化塑造下的对抗制诉讼制度和科学的调查程序之间存在着紧张关系（tension），在法律所关注的裁决终局性（finality）和科学所追求的持续性纠错（oven—minded fallibilism）之间存在着紧张关系。长期以来，法律界都试图通过可采性法律规则归化科学证言，结果导致联邦法官担负起广泛的审查职责；近期，法庭指定专家的制度实践导致对抗制度做出某些修正，这种制度实践已经被批评为“带有纠问色彩”（inquisitorial），甚至“违背了民主的要求”（undemocratic）。在分析这些制度利弊的过程中，我们有必要考察其他法律系统的经验教训。     

油气储运防火安全分析及预防措施

本文主要从设备故障与维护、防静电、动火作业、执行操作规程等几个方面引起的爆炸和火灾进行分析,制定对应的防护措施。提出了以做好设备维护保养、防静电处理、做好防火设计及安全装置、落实动火作业措施及强化安全培训等方面进行综合防控,消除油气储运过程中引起的爆炸和火灾,以实现安全生产。     

Truth and Justice, Inquiry and Advocacy, Science and Law

Abstract. There is tension between the adversarialism of the U.S. legal culture and the investigative procedures of the sciences, and between the law's concern for finality and the open‐ended fallibilism of science. A long history of attempts to domesticate scientific testimony by legal rules of admissibility has left federal judges with broad screening responsibilities; recent adaptations of adversarialism in the form of court‐appointed experts have been criticized as “inquisitorial,” even “undemocratic.” In exploring their benefits and disadvantages, it would make sense to look to the experience of other legal systems.