加入WTO与我国农业保护政策的调整

面对加入WTO的历史性机遇 ,建立合理的农业保护制度是当务之急。建立中国农业的保护政策应主要从以下几个方面入手 :确定政策目标的优先序 ,充分提高要素的流动性 ,努力消除地区收入差异 ,加大扶贫力度 ,确保合理的支持结构 ,加快培育出口主导型农业产品销售和加工“龙头企业” ,并逐步健全和完善农业的法律体系 ,使我国农业尽快走上依法治农的道路。     

加入世贸组织对我国农业的影响及其对策

加入世界贸易组织对我国农业既是机遇又是挑战.入世对我国农业既有正面影响,又有负面影响.但总体上说,它利多弊少,它为我们提供了一个发展的机会和舞台.     

An Evaluation Crucible: Evaluating Policy Advice in Australian Central Agencies

Policy advice is a core function of government that until quite recently remained outside the formal processes of performance evaluation. Evaluation, by its very nature, is designed to question both the effectiveness and relevance of government activities; applying it to policy advice opens up a traditionally confidential and politically sensitive arena. This paper reports on an evaluation experiment in Australian government — policy management reviews (PMRs) — that sought to evaluate the quality of central agency policy advice. It traces the development of the PMR model around interdepartmental committee processes, the bureaucratic politics that diluted the focus on policy outcomes, and examines how central agencies steered evaluation away from questions of public accountability towards arrangements for achieving more effective control of the processes underpinning production of advice. By targeting the process rather than outcomes of policy advising, PMRs sought unsuccessfully to adhere to the divide between management and policy and, in doing so, marked out the limits to performance evaluation.     

浅谈WTO的思维模式

WTO作为成员之间谈判和妥协的产物，其思维模式并非单一指向型的，而是表现为既提倡促进贸易的自由化趋势，又充分考虑到各国经济发展水平及民族经济发展的内在需要，并允许在合理利益下采取合法的贸易保护。WTO条款中一系列的例外条款和保障措施，即是这种思维模式的体现。     

论WTO框架内的鼓励性投资措施

在国际投资实践中,东道国常常采取鼓励性投资措施以扩大吸收外资,由于这类措施直接或间接影响国际贸易的正常流向和流量,违反了WTO促进世界贸易自由化的根本宗旨,因此成为WTO法律框架所规范的内容.一项违反国民待遇原则的鼓励性投资措施,如果对货物贸易产生严重的限制与扭曲作用,且属投资者为获得利益而必须遵守,则符合TRIMs协议禁止的投资措施的构成要件;世贸组织解决有关投资争端的国际实践已突破TRIMs协议清单所列明的五种情况,将鼓励性投资措施纳入了TRIMs的范围.同时,补贴性的投资鼓励措施亦受到SCM协议的约束.     

论WTO背景下的中国政府管理体制改革

加入WTO后,我国政府管理体制与WTO要求有诸多冲突,为此,要深化政府管理体制改革;转变政府职能;减少行政干预;改革行政审批制度;实现政务公开;提高公务员队伍整体素质。     

Governance in the European union

Governance in the EU. Edited by GARY MARKS, FRITZ W.SCHARPF, PHILIPPE C. SCHMITTER and WOLFGANG STREECK. London: Sage, 1996. Pp.192, biblio, index. £37.50 (cloth); £12.95 (paper). ISBN 0–7619–5134–2 and ‐5135–0.

Elitism, Populism, and European Politics, Edited by JACK HAYWARD. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp.265, index. £35 (cloth). ISBN 0–19–828035–1.

Adjusting to Europe. The Impact of the EU on National Institutions and Policies. Edited by Y. MÉNY, PIERRE MULLER and JEAN‐LOUIS QUERMONNE. London and NY: Routledge, 1996. Pp.181, index. £40 (cloth); £13.99 (paper). ISBN 0–415–14410–8 and ‐14409–4.

Cohesion Policy and European Integration: Building Multi‐Level Governance. Edited by LIESBET HOOGHE. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp.458, biblio., index. £40 (cloth). ISBN 0–19–828064–5.

The European Union and Members States. Towards Institutional Fusion? Edited by DIETRICH ROMETSCH and WOLFGANG WESSELS. Manchester and NY: Manchester University Press, 1996. Pp.382, index. £45 (cloth). ISBN 0–7190–4809–5.

The Impact of European Integration. Political, Sociological and Economic Changes. Edited by GEORGE A. KOURVETARIS and ANDREAS MOSCHONAS. Westport and London: Praeger, 1996. Pp.335, index, annotated biblio. £51.95 (cloth). ISBN 0–275–94952–4.

European Welfare Policy. Squaring the Welfare Circle. Edited by VIC GEORGE and PETER TAYLOR‐GOOBY. Pp.224, tables, index. Macmillan, 1996. £11.99 (paper). ISBN 0–333–60917–4.

European Integration and Disintegration. East and West. Edited by ROBERT BIDELEUX and RICHARD TAYLOR. London and NY: Routledge, 1996. Pp.298, index. £45 (cloth); £13.99 (paper). ISBN 0–415–13740–3 and ‐13741–1.

The European Union: How Democratic Is It? Edited by SVEIN ANDERSEN and KJELL A.ELIASSEN, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Sage, 1996. Pp.295, biblio, index. £13.95 (paper). ISBN 0–7‐619–5113‐X.

Democracy, Sovereignty and the European Union. By MICHAEL NEWMAN. London: Hurst, 1996. Pp.236. £30 (cloth); £10.95 (paper). ISBN 1–85065–256–2 and 255–4.     

WTO与公务员能力建设

本文首先论述了加入WTO后加强公务员能力建设的重要性和紧迫性 ,并根据当前新形势 ,提出公务员能力建设的内涵和重点 ,从而指出我国要在大胆吸收借鉴国外有益经验和做法的基础上 ,立足国情 ,着眼于全面提高公务员能力 ,培养高素质专业化的公务员人才。     

WTO与政府角色定位

WTO的运行基础是市场经济,WTO的运行规则具有国际法的约束力,而对于一个具有5000年传统思想文化、传统道德观念沉淀的民族,对于一个尚处于由计划经济向市场经济转轨的国家,对于一个市场机制尚不健全、法律体系不尽完善、法律意识淡薄的社会,我国政府在管理理念、管理法规、管理方式等多方面尚存在不适应,面临着严峻的挑战.     

The European Council and The Council of the European Union: Shapers of a European Confederation

The European Council and the Council of the European Union playkey roles in the European Union. The European Council is largelyconcerned with system-steering, while the Council of the EUundertakes sectoral policymaking. What is common to these rolesis the balancing act carried out by both institutions. Bothhave to mediate the centripetal dynamics of integration, termedcooperative confederalism here, and the centrifugal dynamicswhich are found in the strongly entrenched territorial natureof power, centered on the member states. Using new institutionalistanalysis, the article illuminates different facets of the twoinstitutions1 functioning in mediating the two dynamics.     

重塑和培育农业产业化经营主体

推进农业产业化 ,增强农业的市场竞争力 ,必须打破小农经济的束缚 ,克服“小农户”与“大市场”的矛盾 ,重塑和培育农户、农业企业和农业合作经济组织三元并联的农业产业化经营主体 ,大力发展农业龙头企业和农业合作经济组织 ,提高农民的组织化程度     

Dimensions of Politics in the European Parliament

We investigate the dimensionality of politics in the European Parliament by applying a scaling method to all roll-call votes between 1979 and 2001 in the European Parliament. Contrary to most existing studies using these methods, we are able to interpret the substantive content of the observed dimensions using exogenous measures of national party policy positions. We find that the main dimension of politics in the European Union's only elected institution is the classic left-right dimension found in domestic politics. A second dimension is also present, although to a lesser extent, which captures government-opposition conflicts as well as national and European party positions on European integration.     

Workforce Policy in the European Sector

Recently, a number of new forecasts have been published pointing out the considerable demographic crisis in the NASA workforce. Although a few years ago there were signs that the problem of an ageing workforce in United States would be less severe than in Europe, we cannot ignore the effects of new developments in the European space sector. Indeed, a number of mergers and a slightly regressive space turnover took place in Europe, and the effects of this on the workforce population have not been re-evaluated.

For this study, a questionnaire was developed to investigate this effect, with a major emphasis on the future requirements of the European space sector's future workforce, in particular the desired hard and soft skills, and the current prevalence of those skills. This questionnaire was distributed amongst human resources departments of space organizations in Europe with help of the European Association for International Space Year (EURISY) network. Preliminary data on planned recruitment and present demographic distribution were collected, and these are presented herein.