Immigration in Brazil

Abstract

The 100-year period between 1872 and 1972 saw significant migration movements to Brazil, particularly of people from Portugal, Italy, Spain, and Germany. The early migrants from Europe were drawn to the vast expanses of land, where they established colonies. The 20th century attracted two large waves of Japanese immigrants, the first being agricultural workers and the second, after World War II, workers in urban industries. While some migration to Brazil of groups from other South American countries continues, migration in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century has declined substantially. The country is faced, rather, with the emigration of large numbers of Brazilians to the United States, Japan, and Europe. Implications of the migration flows are discussed.     

巴西人婚恋撷趣

很重视少女的童贞 巴西人不赞成西方的性开放,他们特别看重少女的清白.婚前,少女都会受到家长的严格管束,一到成年就被嫁出,正如中国的那句俗话"女大不中留".有些家庭怕管束不好女儿,就将其送到修道院,以免出现越轨行为.到了谈婚论嫁时,再还俗.在巴西虽然妇女多于男子,但没有重男轻女的现象.相反,对妇女极为尊重.妇女在法律上都有一定的保障,一旦夫妻离婚,大多数男方要按时付给对方生活费和未成年子女的教育费,同时女方有权向富有的男方要求平分财产.在法庭上,往往妇女是胜利者.     

Macroeconomic performance and poverty in Brazil

Drawing on Brazilian time-series data this study finds an inelastic link between poverty and wages over the macroeconomic cycle that is devoid of the asymmetric effects that characterise the phenomenon's response to changes in the rate of unemployment. Deepening of structural reforms in the second half of the 1990s had no effect on the aforementioned relationships, which also varied little by regional level of development. Finally, the connection between poverty and long-term income changes was more elastic, suggesting an association between the economy's recent disappointing performance in alleviating poverty and its lacklustre growth record over the past two decades.     

Technology Trade

This study addresses the question of why some countries import more research and development-intensive goods than others. Using a panel data set of 80 countries for the period 1970–1995, results indicate that domestic investment, foreign direct investment and the quality of intellectual property rights systems positively affect technology imports. However, the higher the percentage of the workforce with primary studies, the lower technology imports are. Moreover, intellectual property rights tend to reinforce the positive role played by foreign direct investments in importing technology while the ability of imitation reduces the effect of intellectual property rights.     

巴西开展"零饥饿运动"

2003年1月,巴西劳工党新政府上台伊始就旗帜鲜明地推行"零饥饿运动",即围绕反饥饿、消除贫困及扶贫全民动员三大主题,利用政府拨款和社会资助,着力解决饥饿和贫困问题.该运动不仅在巴国内产生了重要影响,在贫困问题仍较突出的当今世界,其具体措施、表现特点及经验教训也广为国际社会关注.