Violence and Sexual Coercion in High School Students' Dating Relationships

A review of the dating violence literature reveals a limited number of studies with high school students and few studies that investigate the contextual issues of violence, such as meaning, motivation, and consequences. The present study sought to investigate the extent of dating violence victimization in a New Zealand sample of senior high school students (aged 16 to 18 years) and the perceived reasons for the violence, emotional effects, disclosure of the violence, and relationship consequences. A questionnaire that contained both open-ended and forced-choice items pertaining to experiences of violence and its consequences was developed using material gathered from focus group discussions with high school students. Findings showed gender similarity in the extent of violence and a number of significant gender differences in the aftermath of violence, particularly in the area of sexual coercion. These findings are discussed in the context of future research and prevention of dating violence.     

Assessing Sexual Coercion: Survey Wording Differences and the Victimization-Perpetration Discrepancy

The current study examined the impact of item wording on self-reported sexual assault perpetration and victimization rates. The Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss et al. in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 162–170, 1987) is a self-report assessment of female sexual victimization and male sexual perpetration. Studies using the SES consistently report a marked discrepancy between victimization rates and perpetration rates. The wording of the SES items asks respondents to report whether experiences occurred in the absence of female want. It was hypothesized that modified items, which did not require an analysis of female want, would yield increased male response rates compared to the original SES, but that female rates would be equivalent across versions. Parallel male and female SES items, for coercive sexual contact and intercourse, were compared with modified items. Analyses of the data confirmed the hypothesis that modified items yielded increased reports for males in the contact and intercourse conditions. Female response rates on modified items were increased in the contact condition, but not the intercourse condition. Implications of these findings were discussed.     

Men’s Partner-Directed Insults and Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships

Women who have been sexually coerced by an intimate partner experience many negative health consequences. Recent research has focused on predicting this sexual coercion. In two studies, we investigated the relationship between men’s use of partner-directed insults and sexually coercive behaviors in the context of intimate relationships. Study 1 secured self-reports from 247 men on the Partner-Directed Insults Scale and the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale. Study 2 obtained partner-reports from 378 women on the same measures. Across both studies, results indicate that men’s use of sexually coercive behaviors can be statistically predicted by the frequency and content of the insults that men direct at their intimate partner. Insults derogating a partner’s value as a person and accusing a partner of sexual infidelity were most useful in predicting sexual coercion. The discussion notes limitations of the current research and highlights directions for future research.     

传统行政强制类型之再造——以类型的开放性为视角

新型行政手段在传统行政强制类型结构中无所归依,难以与现有法律相衔接,限制了其在实践中的适用和发展。行政上实效性确保手段是在纵向上以抽象的上位概念涵括新型手段,并在横向上创设新类型——其他新型手段,因未触动行政强制的内部结构,可称为外部进路。然而,循此进路,其他新型手段被排斥在与之并列的类型之外,内容上又存在交叉,更加难以定性。以类型的开放性特征予以检视,传统间接强制类型化为代履行、执行罚的结构并不完整,应设立与之并列的其他间接强制类型,使之向新型手段开放。传统行政强制结构内部的类型再造,可称为内部进路。新型手段应以在行政处罚、行政强制中定位为基础,以与现有法律相融合。     

Treating Adult Survivors of Sibling Sexual Abuse: A Relational Strengths-Based Approach

Sibling sexual abuse is a far more common manifestation of family violence than is often recognized. Researchers agree that it has received less attention than other forms of child abuse trauma despite the fact that good evidence suggests it is no less injurious than child sexual abuse when a parent or other adult is the perpetrator. This paper describes a relational, strengths-based approach to psychotherapy with adult survivors of sibling sexual abuse guided by trauma-informed principles. Cultural considerations are discussed as well as an overview of the clinical research on sibling sexual abuse and its harmful effects. Clinical case material, treatment strategies and a case illustration demonstrate therapeutic principles of the approach in action.     

Gender Inequality and Criminal Seduction: Prosecuting Sexual Coercion in the Early-20th Century

This article analyzes narratives of sexual consent and coercion in 15 criminal seduction cases tried in New York City from 1903 to 1918. I explore courtroom accounts of seduction to explain how dominant notions of masculinity and femininity constrain the effectiveness of sex crime laws. Unlike men, women in the Progressive era (1900–1920) who engaged in premarital sex faced potentially significant social costs in the form of unwanted pregnancy and ostracism. These women could sometimes seek redress by bringing felony charges against men who reneged on their promises of marriage. New York's "seduction law" not only criminalized betrayal but it also functioned as a tool in the prosecution of sexual assault. Yet a patriarchal ideology of romantic courtship embedded in the statute, and defense attorney strategies that drew on this ideology, limited the law's ability to address sexual coercion.     

Sibling Sexual Abuse: An Exploratory Study of Long-term Consequences for Self-esteem and Counseling Considerations

Great advances have been made regarding the study of child sexual assault since the 1970’s. In spite of these advances, the gravity of sibling sexual abuse has largely been overlooked in sexual abuse literature. This paper uses peer reviewed research to highlight some of the major issues and unique long-term consequences associated with sibling sexual abuse. Specifically, an altered version of the Conflict Tactics Scale Straus (Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:75-88, 1979) and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Rosenberg (1965) were used to explore the long-term impact on self-esteem for those having experience with sibling sexual abuse as a child. In addition, clinical considerations for working with survivors, offenders, and families are provided.     

两类性变态及其与性变态系列杀人犯罪的关系

性变态系列杀人犯罪是系列杀人犯罪的一种，社会危害极其严重。根据性变态的心理和行为特征将其分为两类，不具有暴力攻击倾向的情景性自我满足型性变态和具有暴力攻击倾向的实质性非自我满足型性变态。厘清不同性变态类型的心理满足情景、行为方式、是否具有暴力攻击性等特征是确定案件性质、勾画犯罪人特征、划定重点侦查对象的可靠依据。     

论行政强制的瑕疵表现与救济途径

行政强制执行存在十种实体瑕疵、五种程序瑕疵。行政强制的救济途径是 :声明异议 ;行政申诉 ;行政复议 ;提起诉讼 ;国家赔偿 ;行政补偿。     

The Discourse of Sibling Violence

The present study sought to identify the discourses that exist with regard to physical violence among siblings. The sample consisted of 200 college students (60.5% female, 39.5% male) who completed a revised version of the Conflict Tactics Scales and a self-labeling measure of sibling violence. Findings indicated that while the vast majority of the sample had experienced sibling violence, they utilized terminology in a manner that failed to recognize their experiences as a form of violence. When the data were classified according to gender and level of violence within the sibling relationship, quantitative analysis indicated a difference in terminology. In an attempt to interpret these results from the theoretical perspective of discourse as an aspect of social constructivism it was postulated that the study identified both a dominant discourse that renders physical violence among siblings invisible and several subordinate discourses by which individuals reflect their varying characteristics. It was suggested that future research utilize qualitative analysis to clarify and expand upon this interpretation. This article is based on a master’s thesis conducted by Heather Hensman Kettrey. An erratum to this article can be found at     

《行政强制法》的基本原则和行政强制设定权研究

《行政强制法》设计和体现的行政强制基本原则共有六项：平衡原则、比例原则、行政强制法定原则、教育与强制相结合原则、正当法律程序原则、救济原则。这些基本原则既指导该法整体法律制度的设计和具体法律规则的制定,也将在该法正式施行后指导执法者对该法所确立的规范和制度的实施。《行政强制法》遵循平衡原则、比例原则和行政强制法定原则的要求,对法律、行政法规和地方性法规的行政强制设定权进行了科学的配置,此种科学配置有利于最大限度保障行政强制法立法目的的有效实现。     

Penal Coercion in Contexts of Social Injustice

This article addresses the theoretical difficulty of justifying the use of penal coercion in circumstances of marked, unjustified social inequality. The intuitive belief behind the text is that in such a context—that of an indecent State—justifying penal coercion becomes very problematic, particularly when directed against the most disfavored members of society.     

ITO法和判别函数法在同胞关系鉴定中的应用

目的探讨ITO法和判别函数法在全同胞、半同胞关系鉴定中的应用价值。方法根据500对全同胞、50对半同胞及500对无关个体的15个STR基因座（PowerPlex^TM 16体系）的分型结果,采用ITO法分别计算全同胞关系指数（FSI）、半同胞关系指数（HSI）及其比值（FSI：HSI）。比较三组配对个体的等位基因匹配情况,计算分型结果全不同的基因座数（x0）、半相同的基因座数（x1）和完全相同的基因座数（x2）,利用SPSS 13．0分析软件建立全同胞、半同胞和无关个体的判别函数。结果（1）以FSI≥19、FSI〈1作为全同胞与无关个体的判别标准,交互准确率为96.4％;以HSI≥19、HSI〈I作为半同胞与无关个体的判别标准,交互准确率为85.3％;以FSI：HSI≥1、FSI：HSI〈1作为全同胞与半同胞的判别标准,交互准确率为87．5％。（2）分别建立了全同胞-半同胞-无关个体、全同胞-无关个体、半同胞-无关个体、全同胞-半同胞4组判别函数．判别函数交互准确率为84．4％～97．7％,其中同胞-无关个体判别准确率最高。结论ITO法与判别函数法在全同胞、半同胞鉴定中均具有较高的应用价值。     

论欺诈、胁迫之民事救济——兼评《合同法》之二元规定

对于欺诈、胁迫行为之民事救济 ,从罗马法至现代各国立法 ,大多数采取撤销主义 ,我国《民法通则》及三部旧合同法采无效主义之一元规定 ,新《合同法》则采可撤销与无效之二元规定。本文认为 ,从二元规定到采可撤销主义之一元规定 ,应是我国合同法的价值取向。     

论行政调查中之行政强制行为

行政调查系指行政机关为达成特定之行政目的,所从事之各种资料搜集活动。行政机关于从事行政调查时,依据职权调查主义,不受当事人主张之拘束,并承担调查事实之责任。惟有调查遇有困难,可由当事人依法律规定提供协助,但对事件之澄清责任仍应由行政机关承担。当事人若未尽协力义务,除非法律有特别规定,否则不得强制其履行。任意性之调查行为不具处分性,无行政执行法之适用。间接强制之调查行为应属行政处分。违反此种协力义务者应受行政罚上之罚款作为制裁之手段,故不得再依行政执行法采取强制执行措施。直接强制之调查行为属事实行为,但事先要求当事人接受调查之行为,应仍具处分性,应受行政执行法之约束。直接强制调查行为在法律保留之要求上较无疑义,惟调查时应遵守比例原则和法定程序。行政机关于从事行政调查时,法律若未有赋予其得强制进入之权限,则行政机关原则上仍不得采取强制进入之方式。行政调查于声请令状后皆可从事行政搜索,于个别法律之规定中,单独明定得声请令状实施行政搜索应有容许空间。有关临时进入检查,应践行通知之程序。惟基于较为重大之公益之考虑,且经事先通知将无法达到调查目的之情形,应可容许有不经事先通知之临时检查。倘当事人拒绝放行,须视此种调查是否有得直接施以强制力之规定而定,若法规允许,自得以强制力排除当事人之阻碍,否则仍只能以间接制裁之方式。当行政机关已进入关系人之场所实施检查时,不论是否以直接强制力进入,除进行相关检查外,原则上不得附带从事搜索行为,或对相关证据予以扣留。     

Dyadic Representation in a Westminster System

Is policy representation in contemporary Westminster systems solely a function of programmatic national parties, or does the election of legislators via single‐member districts result in MPs whose policy positions are individually responsive to public opinion in their constituencies? We generate new measures of constituency opinion in Britain and show that, in three different policy domains and controlling for MP party, the observed legislative behavior of MPs is indeed responsive to constituency opinion. The level of responsiveness is moderate, but our results do suggest a constituency‐MP policy bond that operates in addition to the well‐known bond between voters and parties.