不同战略导向对深圳自主创新的影响

自主创新受到企业战略、组织特征和企业外部环境三方面因素的影响。深圳应大力培育既注重机会导向又关注资源导向的战略型企业家精神,营造富有创新精神和鼓励自主创新的制度环境。这是市政府、相关行业协会以及高新技术企业义不容辞的责任。     

论企业领导人格魅力

企业领导的人格魅力 ,是一种无声的领导语言 ,是企业家精神和企业领导者个人魅力的核心因素 ,对企业精神具有重要的导向作用 ,对社会主义市场经济的发展具有重要意义。一加强我国企业领导的思想素质教育 ,培养企业领导的企业家精神 ,提高其领导魅力 ,具有必然性和迫切性 ,原因如下 :1.经济发展必然依赖企业家队伍的壮大发展社会主义市场经济 ,需要大批有作为的企业家。虽然企业家的成长需要具备适宜的社会环境 ,但是根本问题还在于企业领导必须树立企业家精神 ,非此就无法走上企业家成长之路。完全可以说 ,企业家成长之路 ,本质上就是企业领…     

浅析我国科技型中小企业创新的制约因素

企业的技术创新活动不仅会受到来自企业内部因素的制约,而且也会受到自来企业外部各方面与技术创新目标不相适应的环境因素的限制。随着世界经济的一体化发展,科技型中小企业面临的竞争环境发生了巨大的改变,种种制约科技型中小企业创新的因素日益显现,限制了科技型中小企业的发展。1.制度因素我国的中小企业成立时间短,其所有制形式大多属于非国有制经济的范畴。在非国有制企业的贷款申请、上市资格、市场竞争等方面不能与国有企业享有同等的待遇,未形成有利于科技中小企业发展的制度体系。从世界范围看,为了提升中小企业的创新能力,鼓励中…     

科技型中小企业可持续发展的困境与影响因素分析

伴随着国家“创新驱动”战略的实施，科技型企业在推进我国经济结构战略性调整中的作用日益凸显。然而，目前我国科技型企业自身的发展面临诸多困难，企业发展规模普遍偏小，企业持续发展能力不强，这也在一定程度上制约了整个国家创新能力的提升。针对影响科技型中小企业持续发展的诸多因素，应从企业和政府两个层面推动科技型中小企业可持续发展。     

共享经济下企业的组织资源贡献行为及创新绩效——基于中国三大高新区高技术企业的定性比较分析

资源贡献行为对于共享经济模式下企业构建自身竞争优势具有重要意义。借助动机—机会—能力(M-O-A)框架构建企业资源贡献的理论模型,并探讨产业竞合与组织因素的组合对创新绩效的作用机制,有助于厘清资源贡献行为及构成,了解资源贡献行为促进创新绩效提升的作用机制。以北京中关村示范区、苏州工业园区和天津经济技术开发区的中国高新技术企业为研究样本,运用定性比较分析法探讨资源贡献行为的动机、机会、能力要素与产业环境因素对企业创新绩效的组配效应。研究发现了可实现高水平创新绩效的6种路径,即反应型资源贡献、研发—能力利用型资源贡献、(利用式)能力塑造型资源贡献、(获取式)能力塑造型资源贡献、动机驱使型资源贡献、资源捕捉型资源贡献,为企业提升创新绩效提供可行的策略选择。     

建立信用链促进中小企业成长

"信用瓶颈"已成为制约我国中小企业成长的重要问题,而现有的中小企业信用担保体系及中小企业的自助互保 对中小企业的成长所起的作用有限。本文通过一个"囚徒困境"模型阐述了中小企业信用链的形成机理,并对其实际可行性 进行了分析。     

创新机会识别对装备制造企业创新能力的影响——兼论区域政策法律环境的调节作用

基于全国416家装备制造企业的有效样本数据,运用回归分析方法对创新机会识别与装备制造企业创新能力之间的关系进行实证分析,为区域环境优化和装备制造企业创新能力提升提供借鉴。针对创新机会识别是否有助于装备制造企业创新能力提升这一研究问题,以转型经济为背景,建立以创新机会识别、区域政策法律环境、装备制造企业创新能力为内容的研究框架。     

西部中小企业中层管理人员薪酬满意度研究

满意的员工才能创造满意的产品和服务。影响员工满意度的因素中,薪酬无疑是当前中国企业的重要因素。本文以西部中小企业中层管理人员为研究对象,以实证方法探询其薪酬满意度现状及影响因素,从中揭示出当前我国西部中小企业中层管理人员对薪酬的总体满意度不容乐观,并且在性别、年龄、学历和企业性质四个变量上表现出女性管理人员、年轻管理人员、学历较低的管理人员和民营企业管理人员对薪酬的满意度更不满意,据此得到提升西部中小企业中层管理人员薪酬满意度的一些启示和建议。     

浅析中小规模企业的融资难问题

投融资一直是困扰企业发展的一个重大问题.企业要做大做强必须要有强大的资本做后盾,否则企业只能是"无米之炊"。中小企业是经济的重要组成部分。融资难问题极大地制约着中小企业的发展。发达国家为有效解决这一难题,采取多种适合中小企业融资特点的融资方式。其中,建立中小企业信用担保体系是世界各国扶持中小企业发展的通行做法,对我国解决中小企业融资难问题,有较大的借鉴作用。     

中小企业财务管理的特点浅探

改革开放以来,我国的中小企业得到了迅猛发展,中小企业是经济中最活跃的因素,在我国GDP中占据了很重要的位置,为经济发展、促进就业、拉动民间投资、优化经济结构、活跃市场作出了巨大的贡献.随着全球经济一体化进程的加剧,由于中小企业产出规模小、资本和技术构成较低、受传统体制和外部宏观经济等因素影响,使得其在财务管理方面存在着与其自身发展和市场经济不相适应的情况,我国中小企业面临着更加激烈的市场竞争,如何才能在如此大的冲击下及时有效地解决财务管理中存在的问题,建立和完善现代企业制度,增强中小企业的竞争力,成为我国中小企业的首要任务.就中小企业财务管理的特点进行分析,试探寻中小企业在激烈的市场竞争中有效可行的出路.     

How pre‐ and postrecruitment factors shape role perceptions of European Commission officials

Individuals' role perceptions are central guides to their behavior and choices as members of an organization. Understanding organizational dynamics thus requires knowledge about the determinants of such role perceptions, as well as whether—and when—organizations can influence them. This article brings forward a theoretical framework allowing for both prerecruitment (extraorganizational) and post‐recruitment (intraorganizational) determinants of individuals' role perceptions, and examines its empirical implications using a large‐N data set of temporary officials in the European Commission. We find that intergovernmental and epistemic role perceptions are strongly linked to pre‐recruitment factors (such as educational and professional background), whereas postrecruitment factors (such as length of affiliation and embeddedness within the Commission) are the main driving force behind supranational and departmental role perceptions. This heterogeneity in the importance of pre‐ and postrecruitment factors for distinct role perceptions has important consequences for conceptualizing organizational change.     

Political Control and Managerial Survival in State‐Owned Enterprises

This article explores the impact of political determinants on the survival of managers in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). Drawing on theories of bureaucratic delegation, it is argued that preference divergence between principals and agents as well as among principals is a major driver of managerial turnover. More specifically, the partisan affiliation of SOE‐managers with the government, the opposition, or individual ministers can serve to explain the length of their tenure. The analysis employs Cox proportional hazard regressions to test these hypotheses on an original data set of 1,671 managers serving in 87 public corporations in Austria between 1995 and 2010, thus presenting one of the first large‐n analyses of political appointments in a parliamentary system. The results strongly support the proposition that partisan affiliation drives managerial survival.     

浅谈如何作好中小企业的人才激励

21世纪是人才竞争的社会,人才对大企业来说固然重要,对中小企业来说更是生存攸关,企业只有想方设法招才、育才、用才、留才,才有可能在激烈的市场竞争中发展壮大。而人才激励正是人才管理中的关键一环,为了充分激发人才对于企业的贡献度,提升企业经营与管理水平,以中小企业为研究对象,以建立科学的人才激励机制为目的,分析中小企业人才激励方面的特点,有针对性地提出了一些人才激励的具体策略和方法,为中小企业人才管理提供借鉴。     

Using human values-based approach to understand cross-cultural commitment toward regulation and governance of cybersecurity†

This article develops a new framework linking cross-cultural human values, regulation, and governance in the area of cybersecurity. Cyber space is currently transitioning from a laissez-faire into a regulated area. Yet, there is a significant heterogeneity in terms of the strength of commitment in different states to regulation and governance of digital spaces. Therefore, it is important to explore why this heterogeneity exists. This article proposes that heterogeneity in the commitment to regulation and governance of cyber space between different nations stems from the fundamental cross-cultural differences in human values between countries. Using an example of cybersecurity, we show how the cultural value orientations theory maps onto national commitments to regulate and govern cybersecurity issues. We construct a theoretical framework linking human values with cybersecurity regulation and confirm the existence of this link empirically using the data from the international Schwartz Value Survey and the Global Cybersecurity Index.     

Market factors affecting spatial heterogeneity among urban neighborhoods

Abstract

Institutional factors perpetuating segregation in urban neighborhoods— redlining by lenders and insurers, steering by brokers, and discrimination by owners—have attracted much attention recently. But natural market forces (demand, supply, and equilibrium price adjustment) can also create neighborhood heterogeneity in income, race, and housing characteristics.

This article establishes a framework to examine the market forces that create spatial clustering of households. On the demand side, differences in resident preferences and incomes lead to clustering; on the supply side, differences in cost functions, created by market specialization or location‐specific features, are important. Equilibrium price adjustment reinforces tendencies toward heterogeneity and leads to differential affordability patterns. Bid‐rent and other models of residential location, discrimination in urban housing markets, and the Tiebout model are discussed. A research agenda is proposed to measure neighborhood heterogeneity, isolate its influence on educational and employment opportunities, and evaluate policies for ameliorating its adverse effects.     

Breaking the Constitutional Silence: the Public Services Industry and Government

Analysis of constitutional arrangements has been too narrow in the past, confined to examination of explicitly governmental arrangements. But corporate enterprises perform such important public functions, especially in the age of outsourcing, that they need to be incorporated into the constitution. The article develops this argument and proposes a framework for such incorporation.     

An Organizational Echelon Analysis of the Determinants of Red Tape in Public Organizations

This article adopts an organizational echelon approach to the study of red tape in public organizations and argues that the nature and extent of red tape will vary at different levels of the organizational hierarchy. These propositions are tested with a multiple‐informant survey using a lagged model. The empirical results across the three organizational echelons sampled indicate modest variations in the levels of perceived red tape and major variations in its determinants. Results from the more senior managers uphold prior research findings and hypotheses on the determinants of red tape. This is not surprising because earlier studies typically sampled senior executives. Yet the lower down the organizational hierarchy one travels, the more red tape officials perceive and the more multifaceted the findings on determinants become. The authors conclude that prior empirical work is likely to have underestimated the extent of red tape in public organizations, and oversimplified its determinants. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Voter turnout in direct democracy: A joint analysis of individual,referendum and community factors

In the context of an ever growing importance and usage of referendums around the globe, this article provides a comprehensive approach to analyse the determinants of participation in direct democratic votes. In the absence of conclusive empirical evidence about which factors drive direct democratic participation, studies tend to adopt election-specific findings and assume the determinants of electoral turnout to equally apply for referendums. Yet, a strict empirical test of these numerous determinants in a referendum context is still missing. By examining aspects stemming from both election-specific and referendum-specific contexts, this article aims to first test the applicability of common electoral theories of turnout for direct democratic participation and second to analyse the relevance of each factor when simultaneously examined with other contextual and individual factors. This holistic approach represents reality as adequate as possible, that is, to consider various factors that may simultaneously influence the individual decision to vote. Next to individual variables, the analysis particularly focuses on two contextual levels, the community a person lives in and factors linked to a given referendum. The discussion and joint analysis of competing factors addresses the problem of underspecified turnout models, which commonly prevents a detailed assessment of the relative importance of the determinants of turnout. The study uses registered data from the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, which provides official information about individual participation across 43 referendums in 45 communities. We match this individual data with referendum-related factors, such as campaign intensity and importance of the issues at stake, and community-level variables, such as wealth and urbanization. The results of our multilevel, cross-classified models show significant context-related effects, stemming mainly from the referendum and less from the community level. Still, the main driver of direct democratic participation is individual determinants, in particular citizens' past participation record.     

The Indigenous Land Corporation: An Analysis of Its Performance Five Years On

The Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC) is a relatively new Commonwealth statutory authority which commenced its operations on 5 June 1995. It is new not only in the sense of its short existence, but also in the unique framework enshrined in its enabling legislation that aims to provide improved outcomes in Indigenous land acquisition and land management. This article explores this unique policy and operational framework, contrasts it with past Commonwealth policies and practices for Indigenous land acquisition and management, and assesses the ILC's performance in its initial five years. The article argues that notwithstanding this new framework, the potential for future success will lie in the ability of the ILC to substantially address long-standing issues in the management of the Indigenous estate which now comprises in excess of 15 percent of Australia.