侦审合一后的预审工作研究

我国的预审制度起源于1931年12月中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府颁布的训令,立法于1979年7月我国颁布的第一部《刑事诉讼法》中,它在公安机关办理刑事案件中发挥了重要作用。1997年6月公安部作出侦审合一的刑侦体制改革,但目前侦审合一呈现多元化的格局,它既有改革相配套的制度和措施跟不上的原因,又有侦查人员破案任务重和素质能力弱,无法适应改革要求的原因。未来的预审工作,除了允许侦审合一的多种形式存在外,应当继续推进侦审合一;提高现有侦查人员侦查、预审素质;实行受过专门训练的公安、政法院校侦查学专业或者相近专业毕业的学生准入侦查部门的制度。     

刑讯逼供的根源及其对策——以刑事案件证据新规定为视角

刑讯逼供是错案发生原因之一。刑讯逼供屡禁不止有多方面原因,思想原因有受有罪推定思想的影响,较之查出案件真相而言刑讯逼供无足轻重;制度原因主要有我国未在事实上确立无罪推定原则,非法言词证据排除规则不完善,侦押分立制度的缺失等;实践方面原因有司法投入不足,侦查技术水平低下,对刑讯逼供处罚不力等。我们要消除刑讯逼供产生的思想根源,确立惩罚犯罪与保障人权并重的刑事诉讼价值观,加强相关的制度建设,解决司法实践中的问题,以遏制刑讯逼供。     

辨认与刑事错案——兼论辨认的具体规则

错误的辨认是导致刑事错案的一个重要原因。因为辨认错误而导致刑事错案的模式可以概括为:错误辨认———确定嫌疑人———刑讯逼供———定罪量刑。辨认可能导致的刑事错案的原因主要有反应时间的影响、记忆的影响、案发时环境的影响、侦查人员的不当行为以及辨认者的认知水平的影响。建立科学的辨认规则需要确立对辨认笔录的排除规则、邀请专家对辨认的可靠性进行鉴定以及在进行证据裁判时的原子主义进路与整体主义进路相结合的方式。科学的辨认规则的目标在于减少侦查人员的影响、减少辨认者的压力以及提高辨认结果的可靠程度。具体的措施主要包括减少对照片的辨认、不知情的侦查人员的主持、律师在场权的保障、辨认时间过长时赋予辨认结果更小的证明力、全程录音录像以及侦查人员对辨认结果的说明。     

司法改革背景下侦诉关系的反思与重构

随着司法改革的深入推进,传统侦诉关系中存在的侦查监督职能无法有效发挥,侦查机关、检察机关难以形成真正合力等问题亟待破解。建立符合当前刑事诉讼背景的侦诉模式,应该进一步完善检察指导侦查制度,严格侦诉审统一的证据标准,贯彻无罪推定理念,建立配套的错案责任追究制度,完善退回补充侦查制度。     

错案何以形成

每一起刑事错案背后,基本上都有刑讯逼供的黑影.可以说,尽管刑讯逼供并非百分之百地导致错判,但几乎百分之百的错案,都是刑讯逼供所致.除非个别替人顶罪的案件,有意地包庇他人,将罪行往自己身上揽.因此,杜绝刑讯逼供是避免刑事错案的首要措施.关键问题在于:如何正确地对待口供.它可以将人引入天堂,也可以把人引入地狱.     

侦审一体化后的侦审工作管理

实行侦审一体化是当前公安工作改革的重要方面。侦审一体化后对侦审工作的管理应抓好以下环节：设置与任务相适应的机构，加强队伍建设，建立完善的侦审制度，控制侦审活动过程，加强警务保障。     

坚持依法办案 严禁刑讯逼供

刑讯逼供是刑事诉讼中的一个顽症,它严重侵犯了公民的人身权利,破坏了公正司法,尤其严重的是刑讯逼供极易在刑事诉讼中造成错案,比如近年来出现的在全国有较大影响的云南杜培武案、湖北佘祥林案等错案,无一不是刑讯逼供造成的恶果。因此,有效地遏制刑讯逼供,对于准确打击犯罪,保障基本人权,维护司法公正具有特别重要的作用。人民检察院作为国家的法律监督机关,在监督、纠正、查处刑讯逼供案件中具有重要的作用,主要包括以下几个方面:一是通过审查批准逮捕、审查起诉,加强对公安机关侦查活动合法性的监督,其中重点之一就是加强对刑讯逼供、暴…     

关于侦审合一的思考

目前侦审合一工作大致可分为一步模式和二步模式两种。“一步模式”是直接合并的模式。但由于侦察员的素质与侦审合一机制间存在较大差距 ,使该机制无法有效运行 ,并直接导致办案质量的下降。“二步模式”是暂时维持侦察员和预审员角色分工的模式。但由于机构的变化 ,使预审工作的地位实际上降低了。侦审机制是对侦审模式进行全面、系统改革的结果 ,不能因为侦审合一实践中的困难而否定侦审合一机制作为改革的目标和方向的地位     

侦查员创造性思维能力及培养

侦查人员具有创造性思维 ,有利于在办案中确定案件症结所在 ,在侦查、审讯时运用谋略 ,提高办案质量 ,减少冤案错案、深挖余罪。公安各级机关应多渠道、多途径地培养侦查人员创造性思维能力 ,使其成为侦查人员必备素质。     

侦审合一 大势所趋

侦审合一大势所趋□黄祖跃６月上旬，在“全国刑事侦查工作会议”上，公安中要求各地公安机关按照积极稳妥的原则，分步骤实施侦审一体化。白景富副部长指出，侦审一体化是公安机关体制改革的一项重大举措，方向是正确的，公安部党委决心已定。实行侦审一体化是公安部党委...     

Cleaning Up the Air

正Heavy smog has prompted the government to reconsider its strategies2013 has passed,but memories of the smog that devoured many parts of the country are still fresh in the minds of China’s citizens.In January 2013,a thick haze shrouded many cities for more than 20 days,affecting more than 600 million people in 17 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.     

Rural Transformation

正Key goals for rural work set by the Central Government Adozen shipments of corn imported from the United States containing unapproved and genetically modified ingredients were denied entry by China in December 2013.Since China relies heavily on imported grain to guarantee its supplies,the     

Tightening Trusted Ties

正Five decades after forging diplomatic ties,China and Tanzania stand ready to inject new vigor into their traditional friendship,symbolized by the iconic Tanzania-Zambia Railway.Shortly before their golden jubilee,which falls on April 26,Abdulrahaman A.Shimbo,Tanzanian Ambassador to China,sat down with Beijing Review reporter Ni Yanshuo to share his thoughts on the latest development of bilateral relations.Excerpts follow:     

The Decline of Washington

正Washington and Tokyo issued a joint statement on April 24 during U.S.President Barack Obama’s Japan tour,claiming that the Treaty of Security and Safeguard Between Japan and the United States extends to"all the territories under the administration of Japan,"including the Diaoyu Islands.And"the United States opposes any unilateral action that seeks     

A Searing Threat

正outbreaks of destructive fires pose a danger for China’s ancient towns and cultural relics The phrase"Chinese fire drill"may come as a joke to Westerners,but in China,where towns and relics thousands or hundreds of years old stand at risk of being lost     

New Year,New Wish

正Chinese people embrace the Year of the horse As Spring Festival nears,all kinds of horsethemed products are filling the shelves of stores across the country.The reason is simple:the Year of the Horse is coming!The first day of the Year of the Horse falls on January31 this year,and ends on February 18,2015,according to the Chinese lunar calendar.     

THIS WEEK WORLD

正FRANCE People wearing World War II British uniforms stand in front of 22,000 British national flags on June 6 in Asnelles,Normandy,during a ceremony marking the70th anniversary of the D-Day landings that helped defeat Nazi forces     

LONELY STRUGGLE

正Modern life brings a new perspective on dealing with depression By Yuan YuanA series of suicides by employees of me-dia outlets in China over the past few months have shocked the public.Most of the deceased have been confirmed to have been suffering from depression.Song Bin,Editor in Chief of xinhua News Agency’s Anhui Bureau,was found dead on     

Syria's Electoral Experience

正Bashar al-Assad strengthens his grip on power via a presidential election that excludes opposition By Liu YueqinSyria’s presidential election featured many would-be candidates,but only one serious contender.On May 10,the Syrian Supreme Constitutional Court announced that three of the 24 presidential candidates,     

Local Governments Out of Pocket?

正Owing to authorities'efforts to tackle public debt,local governments now face difficulties in securing funding for urbanization By Wang JunAccording to a report issued by the National Audit Office,local government debt in China had totaled 17.9 trillion yuan($2.9 trillion)by the end of June 2013.Of this,local governments are responsible for