行政性垄断及反垄断法律规制述评

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立健全,其中暴露出的行政性垄断,阻碍经济发展,成为亟待解决的焦点问题。由此有关反垄断的法律陆续出台,而此项举措对行政性垄断是否有效,政府及有关部门是否能得到有效监督,法律的制定是否符合我国国情,针对特别的经济领域,政府应该怎样管制,是当下社会发展过程中亟待解决的时代问题。     

Nomenklatura,state monopoly,and private enterprise

Using a behavioral model of political decisionmaking, it is argued that an increasing population size and/or an increasing efficiency of production in a private enterprise economy relative to a centrally planned economy may create the conditions for a self-interested nomenklatura in a Soviet-type economy to consider a transition to a market economy. This transition may be thwarted, however, by the threat for prospective private enterpreneurs of exploitation after the change of regime. Some form of political pluralism guaranteeing sufficient political influence to private entrepreneurs appears to be required for a successful transition. The analysis shows that such a combined political and economic reform can be in the interest of the nomenklatura, thereby providing an endogenous behavioral explanation for a change of regime.     

Consumer resistance and monopoly behavior under franchise contestability

The probability of a deregulation under anti-monopoly consumer lobby is generated at the Cournot-Nash equilibrium of a lobbying game which depends on the monopoly rent and the deadweight loss. This probability is increasing and convex in monopoly price. When the deregulation probability constraint is binding, the monopolist's price rises with the number of consumers, the competitive price and the given ceiling probability. The social cost of a monopoly under franchise contestability differs from the Posner measure.     

Copyright: When is monopoly efficient?

Many goods and services are thought to be most efficiently provided under monopoly or oligopoly conditions. For instance, copyright is generally deemed of great value to authors, artists, and the public, an essential element to an efficient market in intellectual and artistic creation. Yet, evidence suggests this esteem may not be entirely justified. Copyright for a particular medium is valuable to the author or to society only when certain economic and technological conditions obtain—such as a market for subsidiary uses, a high fixed cost of copying, and a market for copies.     

Virginia's Revenue Forecasting Process and Models

In Virginia, major differences between revenue forecasts and actual revenue collections raised questions from legislators about the adequacy of the state's econometric forecasting models and the forecasting process itself. Consequently, Virginia's process and models were examined by the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC), a legislative watchdog agency. The review found most of the differences could be attributed to declining economic factors and not poor forecasting. However, a surprisingly large component of the forecast was based on undocumented judgmental inputs that required greater oversight. Other states in similar circumstances may wish to evaluate their own forecasting process and econometric models using the JLARC approach.     

Toward a public choice theory of monopoly regulation

This paper benefited from valuable comments when presented at the Sixth Annual Conference of the Rutgers University Advanced Workshop in Public Utility Economics and Regulation at Bolton Landing, New York in May 1987.     

横向垄断协议的反垄断规制政策

禁止垄断协议是各国《反垄断法》的重点内容,已成为世界各国《反垄断法》的三大支柱内容之一。从分析横向垄断协议的概念入手,借鉴美国、欧共体等国外对横向垄断协议规制政策及实践,针对我国横向垄断协议规制政策的现状,提出了完善我国横向垄断协议规制制度的建议,为维护公平的市场竞争秩序有着很重要的意义。     

Just and honest government

This article addresses the ways in which the United Kingdom has sought to apply principles such as ethics and values as the foundation of a strong public sector, the evolution of values, specifically the tensions between old and new values, and the ethical challenges brought about by the new public administration and management. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.