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1.
廖艳嫔 《河北法学》2011,29(1):172-178
探讨我国法院如何适用国际商法对有关案件进行裁决。概述我国现行成文法与司法解释对国际商法的相关规定,并且通过一些相关的案例重点分析我国法院是如何在实际裁决中适用相关的法律与司法解释的。选取具有指导与代表性意义的一些案例,通过这些案例的分析可以发现,在商事领域中,适用国内法而不是国际法这种狭隘的地方主义保护的做法,已经在我国的司法实践中逐渐式微。  相似文献   

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左海聪 《法学研究》2008,30(3):88-97
比较国内外的直接适用条约制度的理论与实践,可以看到,我国现行的国际条约在国内直接适用的制度是具有中国特色并符合我国国情的,但也存在表达过于简略,层次不够分明的问题。制定内容更为完备、层次更为清晰的直接适用条款是完善现有体制的有效方法。  相似文献   

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Netherlands International Law Review -  相似文献   

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国际条约在中国适用新论   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
刘永伟 《法学家》2007,1(2):143-151
条约是两个或多个国家之间缔结的国际协议,不是由国家的立法机关制定的;其本身不是法律.条约欲在缔约国内得到适用,必须要得到缔约国宪法的规定,确立为国内法,或者被赋予以国内法的效力.中国应采取纳入与转化相结合的方式赋予条约以国内法的效力,条约在国家法律体系中地位的确立应反映并符合国家的基本政治与法律特征,以便适当地解决在条约与国内法发生冲突的情况下如何适用条约的问题.  相似文献   

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《现代法学》2015,(6):140-153
条约如同其他任何规则,都会受到时间流逝的侵蚀。时间的流逝如何及在何种程度上影响条约的解释过程是一个难题。近年来,条约演变解释已被证明是条约法最富有争议的话题之一。国际法院和WTO上诉机构的判例法支持这样的观点:如果一项条约旨在长期有效,以及条约某特定用语具有通用性质,可能会产生其意义将遵循法律演变的推定。但是,大多数国际法院和法庭都未认可演变解释是一种独立的解释形式,其适用应当取决于在个案基础上对不同因素和推定的权衡。任何对术语的意义随时间变化的演变解释,必须产生于正常的条约解释过程。解释就是解释,不是修改或改写条约。其结果必须忠实于条约的通常含义和文本,基于其目的和宗旨,否则,其将导致事实上修改条约,由此使条约体制的框架解体。  相似文献   

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条约在国内适用的若干问题探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
朱志晟  张亮 《现代法学》2003,25(4):175-178
本文认为凡涉及到私人权利义务等事项的条约,都将会产生国内适用的问题。转化和纳入各有优劣,应视条约的不同而相应采用。至于在国内法中解决条约与国内法的冲突,则完全取决于各国法律的具体规定,条约在国内法上并非处于绝对优先的地位。就中国而言,转化已经成为我国适用条约的主要方式,而在处理条约与国内法冲突时,所采取的是条约优先的原则。  相似文献   

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香港在回归祖国后,作为中国领土的一部分,它不是独立的国际法主体,并不当然拥有国际法上的缔约权,其缔约权是中央人民政府赋予的。香港特区政府的缔约权有限制,这种限制由《基本法》以授权的方式解禁,既可以是一般性授权,也可以是特定授权。香港特区的条约与法律的位阶顺序是:基本法——适用于香港的中国外交、国防类的条约——香港特区立法机关制定的法律(包括转化的条约)——适用于香港特区的全国性法律和香港原有法律。上位法优于下位法,同等级次的法律与条约,应是条约优先。  相似文献   

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国际人权法的发展正从根本上影响和改变着国际法的性质、内容和结构,并对以国家利益为核心价值的传统国际法提出了严峻的挑战.国际人权公约是国际人权法最主要的渊源,透视国际人权公约的特点,我们可以从中体会到传统国际法正在发生的变化,并由此预见国际法的未来发展趋势.  相似文献   

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国际环境条约遵约机制研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
事后救济的履约保障模式在国际环境法中缺陷尤为明显。为了促进条约的履行,国际环境条约建立了遵约机制。遵约机制设立履行委员会来管理和监督条约的遵守。遵约机制有三种启动方式,应对不遵约的措施主要包括帮助性措施和惩罚性措施。遵约机制具有预防性、多边性和非对抗性,弥补了以事后救济方式保障履约的不足。  相似文献   

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The Orchestra of Treaties scenario emerges if countries share the following principles for re-building the climate regime (1) recognize the sovereignty concerns attending energy policies; (2) build upon national interests in technology and development; (3) avoid conflicts and enhance cooperation by appropriately framing core issues; and (4) address not only short-term emission cuts but also long-term technological change.In this scenario, countries will share these principles by drawing on the hard lessons of past UNFCCC negotiations. The framing of the climate change problem as the allocation of emission quota created an adversarial style of negotiation that resulted in distrust among countries. Moreover, the negotiations have been characterized by unpredictable outcomes. Since energy policies were deemed as sovereignty concerns, countries did not want to put such issues on the agenda to avoid a potentially intrusive outcome. This negotiation style brought about shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol and may lead to a stalemate in future negotiations.The scenario captures the dynamics that emerge when multiple efforts are pursued by flexible coordination of actors motivated through diverse incentives. The emerging regime, the Orchestra of Treaties, will consist of four building blocks, of which three grow outside of UNFCCC.
(1)  Group of Emission Markets (GEM) begins with separate domestic markets without internationally imposed emission targets. The markets are then gradually coordinated through price signals. The advantage of this pathway is that it fosters the establishment of emission markets without conflicting with sovereignty concerns for energy policy, thereby enabling key large emitters to establish emission markets.
(2)  Zero Emission Technology Treaty (ZETT) that addresses long-term technological change. This will set zero CO2 emission from the energy sector as the long-term goal, thereby creating strong signals to stakeholders. It will begin as a non-binding pledge and review system so that it does not conflict with sovereignty concerns.
(3)  Climate-wise Development Treaty (CDT) that addresses the concerns of developing countries, which are development, adaptation, technological transfer and mitigation. In this treaty, developed countries agree to revise their assistance policies to make development more sustainable and climate-wise.
(4)  UNFCCC will serve as an information exchange arena, target funding mechanism and a political focal point.
  If the political interests and views remain diverse across countries, the Orchestra of Treaties may be the most environmentally effective regime among the alternatives. As for the evolution over time, once the technological and political feasibility of some climate policies have been demonstrated by key developed countries, all countries will be confident enough to deepen their commitments in the wider issue area. They might eventually return to a Kyoto-type structure with full participation once confidence has been built, but this may take decades.
  Concerns frequently voiced about this scenario include that the regime may impose additional negotiating burden upon developing countries, or that a departure from a Kyoto style framework may end up with losing political momentum.
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Dugard  John 《荷兰国际法评论》2012,59(2):303-307
Netherlands International Law Review -  相似文献   

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Netherlands International Law Review -  相似文献   

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Measuring the Effects of Human Rights Treaties   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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