从马克思到哈贝马斯——关于市民社会民主政治功能的理论检索

市民社会与民主政治有着密切的关系,二者相伴相生。本文通过对市民社会理论的检 索,系统阐述马克思、托克威尔、葛兰西和哈贝马斯等四位思想家对二者关系的论述,分析和总结了他们 各自在此问题上的理论贡献,力图揭示出市民社会与民主政治之间多面向、多层次的内在关系。     

西方学者“经济发展与民主政治关系”研究述评

作为当今世界最重要的两个主题,经济发展和民主政治越来越引起学术界的关注,西摩·马丁·李普塞特、罗伯特·达尔、塞缪尔·亨廷顿等西方著名学者对二者的关系进行过研究,本文通过介绍这些权威研究成果,以期能对二者关系有更为清晰、准确的认识。     

真理和价值的关系是现时代的紧迫课题

当代西方科学主义、人本主义这两大哲学思潮及其调和者要么各执真理或价值一端,要么把二者等同,都没有正确解决二者的关系;当代社会现实使真理和价值的关系问题凸显,使真理和价值关系问题成为经济发展和人类发展的宏观问题;市场经济孳生的利己主义的价值观,导致人与自然、人与社会人和人与人关系紧张。理论和现实的需要促使我们重视真理和价值关系问题的深入研究。     

族群认同与国家认同：和谐何以可能

族群认同与国家认同的关系是学界、政界关注的话题,一种观点认为二者只能是冲突关系。实际上,二者是兼容的,处理得当的话,可以实现和谐共生。     

论"人的发展"与"个人发展"的辩证关系

“人”与“个人”两个概念外延不同 ,“人的发展”与“个人发展”所指的范围和内涵也有区别。对二者从不同的系统去考察 ,有“无限”和“有限”的区别 ;二者的发展趋势与过程 ,也并不完全吻合。但二者既是整体与部分的关系 ,又是一般和个别的关系 ,只有从二者的对立统一中才能全面准确地把握人的有关理论问题     

哲学视域中宗教与科学之共存何以可能

传统观念中宗教与科学的对立和冲突是形容二者关系的出发点。随着时代的发展，人们认识视野的开阔，学术界对二者的关系有了进一步的了解和阐述，二者是敌人还是朋友？现代社会崇尚科学，宗教的地位却没有因为科学地位的上升而减弱。本文从现阶段二者共存的可能性出发，来探讨这一问题。     

公有制与非公有制经济关系特点研究

公有制经济和非公有制经济的关系问题是贯穿我国整个社会主义初级阶段的一个不可回避的问题。我们必须正确理解公有制经济和非公有制经济的互动关系,不断深化对二者关系的认识,总结公有制经济与非公有制经济关系发展的特点,从而提升对二者和谐发展的掌控能力,对丰富和发展中国特色社会主义经济理论、推动和规范非公有制经济进一步发展、加速现代化建设步伐有着重要的理论和实践意义。     

高校德育与心理健康教育融合的重要性及措施

高校德育伴随着高校的不断发展,其被赋予许多新的任务和责任。心理健康教育在高校教育中的地位越发重要,于是,如何整合二者的关系、如何实现二者在推进高等教育的发展是需要考虑的问题。高校德育与心理健康教育存在密切的相关性,并且整合二者关系的重要性主要体现在三个"有利于",并需要从原则分析和具体措施两个方面来构建高校德育与心理健康教育有效整合的措施。     

宪政与民主的复杂关系

从民主的角度对宪政进行定义是一种普遍的方式。因为,民主和宪政具有和谐关系。这既体现在二者在理论基础、制度设计和价值目标上的相同之处,又体现在民主能对实现宪政的目标即限制权力有援助作用。但这种亲和性并不能掩盖民主与宪政潜在的差异。它们二者间甚至还可能存在潜在的冲突关系。因此,民主与宪政处于复杂的关系当中。     

浅谈信息社会中的个人与集体

当今科学技术的进步加快了人类迈向信息社会的步伐,人类社会中个人和集体的关系也随之产生出相应的新特点。对于个人和集体在信息社会中所显示出的新特点的研究和分析是非常必要的。针对在信息技术时代中人类社会个人和集体及二者的关系所凸显出的新变化和新特点,应适时调整人类社会中个人与集体的关系,使二者能科学合理,和谐、融洽地相互促进并发挥作用。     

An experimental study of the efficiency of unanimity rule and majority rule

Scholars traditionally claim that unanimity rule is more capable of producing Pareto optimal outcomes than majority rule. Dougherty and Edward (Public Choice 151(3):655–678, 2012) make the opposite claim assuming proposals are either random, sincere, or strategic. We test these competing hypotheses in a two-dimensional framework using laboratory experiments. Our primary results suggest: (1) majority rule enters the Pareto set more quickly than unanimity rule, (2) majority rule leaves the Pareto set at the same rate as unanimity rule, and (3) majority rule is more likely to select a Pareto optimal outcome than unanimity rule at the end of the game.     

A better budget rule

Debt limits, interest coverage ratios, one‐off balanced budget requirements, pay‐as‐you‐go rules, and tax and expenditure limits are among the most important fiscal rules for constraining intertemporal transfers. There is considerable evidence that the least costly and most effective of such rules are those that focus directly on the rate of spending growth, even with their seemingly ad hoc nature and possibilities for circumvention. In this paper, we use optimal control theory and martingale methods to justify a transparent, nonarbitrary rule governing maximum sustainable rate of spending growth, treating the revenue structure of a jurisdiction as a given continuous‐time stochastic process. Our results can be used to determine whether a proposed rate of spending growth is sustainable or not. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management     

试析依法治港

“一国两制”是有中国特色社会主义的重要内容。依法治港是依法治国的重要组成部分。香港回归以来，实行“一个国家，两种制度”，中央主要运用基本法治理香港。结合这几年贯彻实施基本法的情况，本文试从分析典型案例入手，着重研究、认识和把握依法治港的基本特点，以利于更好地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针，维护香港的繁荣稳定。     

France's failure under Nazi rule

The ‘campus war’ in Britain over the right of Jewish student societies to organize against the background of the ‘Zionism is racism’ campaign is in itself a violation of educational standards. Dr Lucas argues that legislation to entrench the right of students to self‐government, if the university authorities cannot ensure this themselves, rather than encouragement of a propaganda war, should be the objective of the Jewish community in this matter.     

The international rule of law

ABSTRACT

The rule of law is a moral ideal that protects distinctive legal values such as generality, equality before the law, the independence of courts, and due process rights. I argue that one of the main goals of an international rule of the law is the protection of individual and state autonomy from the arbitrary interference of international institutions, and that the best way to codify this protection is through constitutional rules restraining the reach of international law into the internal affairs of a state. State autonomy does not have any intrinsic value or moral status of its own. Its value is derivative, resulting from the role it plays as the most efficient means of protecting autonomy for individuals and groups. Therefore, the goal of protecting state autonomy form the encroachment of international law will have to be constrained by, and balanced against the more fundamental goal of an international rule of law, the protection of the autonomy of individual persons, best realized through the entrenchment of basic human rights.     

A note on Nanson's rule

E.J. Nanson, in 1883, proposed a voting rule designed mainly to select the Condorcet winner. Unfortunately, much of the collective choice literature has misstated Nanson's rule. This note shows that the misstated versions of the rule and Nanson's actual rule can yield different outcomes, and it provides a counter example, which shows that Nanson's rule, although it satisfies the strong Condorcet condition, does not satisfy the weak Condorcet condition.     

A Talmudic constrained voting majority rule

Public Choice - Talmudic Law requires a minimal supermajority (13 out of 23) for conviction, but at the same time, provides that a unanimous conviction leads to a mistrial. We derive the necessary...