Forensic-medical evaluation of the histologic structure of the hymen

Variants of microscopic structure of the hymen are described and its histological classification based on the stromal component structure is offered. Hypotheses on the hymen histogenesis under different conditions are formulated. Histological analysis and histological classification of the hymen are needed for objective solution of questions arising during expert evaluation of virginity and its violation, probability or improbability of coitus without defloration.     

Software "Control" in the evaluation of ability to perform a sexual intercourse without perforating hymen

A soft was designed (whose input parameters are data on the victims and suspected) on the basis of determining the erection penis length by its initial sizes to evaluate the penetration probability. CONTROL can be used to personify the issue related with a probable coitus by avoiding any lesion to the virginal membrane. The question can be answered with scientific reasoning only after the genitals of the suspected are examined.     

The legal classification of identity-based signatures

Identity-based cryptography has attracted attention in the cryptographic research community in recent years. Despite the importance of cryptographic schemes for applications in business and law, the legal implications of identity-based cryptography have not yet been discussed. We investigate how identity-based signatures fit into the legal framework. We focus on the European Signature Directive, but also take the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures into account. In contrast to previous assumptions, identity-based signature schemes can, in principle, be used even for qualified electronic signatures, which can replace handwritten signatures in the member states of the European Union. We derive requirements to be taken into account in the development of future identity-based signature schemes.     

The classification of bone fissures]

A classification of bone fissures, suggested by the authors, is based on the results of their studies of bone destruction. Relationship between the fissures and bone tissue structural arrangement, and the sequence of the fissure emergence and development, starting from a microfissure (at the level of bone plates) progressing to a major fissure, resulting in final destruction of the bone, underlie this classification.     

The terminology and classification of the polymer components of ammunition

Variant of general classification of ammunition polymer components (APC) is suggested and terminology of trace-forming parts of some APC for practical use is presented. The author shows mechanism of APC substance trace formation upon the obstacles and gives their terminology.     

The notion and classification of expert errors

The author presents the analysis of the legal and forensic medical literature concerning currently accepted concepts and classification of expert malpractice. He proposes a new easy-to-remember definition of the expert error and considers the classification of such mistakes. The analysis of the cases of erroneous application of the medical criteria for estimation of the harm to health made it possible to reveal and systematize the causes accounting for the cases of expert malpractice committed by forensic medical experts and health providers when determining the degree of harm to human health.     

The forensic medical classification of rib fractures

Classification of rib fractures in thoracic blunt trauma is suggested. Classification accounts for environmental conditions, types of thoracic lesions as well as differential features of fractures. Systematization provides for single terminology to define fractures, it helps to determine mechanogenesis of thoracic trauma and may serve as the basis for compiling diagnostical computer program.     

The frequency and classification of the needs of offenders in community settings

Concern for the specific needs of offenders, or concern for “behavioral objectives” in community supervision practices, has increased considerably in the last twenty years. This article examines the development of needs-focused supervision technology in three different ways. An analysis of trends in correctional literature from 1964–1983 is conducted to see whether there have been changes in the types, frequencies, or variety of needs reportedly met by community corrections programs. Second, data on needs from ten separate needs-assessment studies are aggregated to compare need incidence across different setting and different offender populations. Finally, a factor analysis is performed on one set of needs data to determine whether the conceptual dimensions used to classify needs can be empirically validated.     

The dye classification and discrimination of coloured polypropylene fibres

A sequential extraction and classification scheme for dyed polypropylene fibres is presented together with suitable thin-layer chromatography (TLC) systems for separating the extracted dyes.Pigment coloured polypropylene fibres are unaffected by solvents and are therefore characterised by microspectrophotometry.     

犯罪人分类标准新探--以犯罪人格为视角

在犯罪人分类的标准选择上一直存在客观主义和主观主义之争,但是单纯的客观主义标准或主观主义标准无法对犯罪人进行科学的分类."犯罪人格"的概念因为其丰富的内涵,能够成为划分犯罪人的科学标准.建立以"人格"为标准的犯罪学分类理论,应当成为犯罪学的发展方向.     

Computerized classification of the shoeprints of burglars' soles

In the matter of shoe soles, there are many different types of designs which make the creation of an effective group classification difficult. The system created at the forensic technical laboratory in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, offers a new means of classification concerning the standards of the shoeprints of burglars' soles. This classification system has been created using the data processing programm FileMaker Pro 2.1 of Macintosh. It has been established in Neuchâtel for 4 years and contains over 1500 reference files. During this period of time it has been possible to identify four times as many burglars through shoeprints than with fingerprints.     

The establishment of the presence and group classification of sperm in mixed stains by isoelectric focusing

The article deals with experimental data on design of the method used for detection of sperm, blood and vaginal secretions according to isoelectric points of acid phosphatases, differential diagnosis of ABO group antigens in "mixed" stains as well as detection of phenotype of red cell acid phosphatase by isoelectric focusing method.     

对罪犯分类管理模式的思考

对罪犯实行分类,是确保监管安全,提高罪犯改造质量的前提和基础。如何对罪犯进行分类,分成几种类型,不同类型的罪犯如何管理一直是一项重要的研究课题。特别是近几年来,监狱工作形势发生了很大变化,一方面罪犯的构成日益复杂,涉黑、涉毒、涉枪罪犯、重大刑事犯、判刑两次以上的     

公务员职位分类制度的比较与借鉴

职位分类制度是加强对公务员管理的重要制度,自美国开创职位分类制度以来,各国纷纷推行公务员的职位分类制度,中国也不例外。但是各国的职位分类制度各有特色,有优点也有不足。中国的职位分类制度同样存在许多问题,本文旨在借鉴国外公务员职位分类的优点以完善我国的公务员职位分类制度。     

The efficacy of a classification system: Its relationship to resource-procedure management

The efficient and effective operation of an organization is of major concern to any manager. For those managers responsible for service organizations, especially in the public sector, this is especially true due to the scarcity of resources. Lacking the capacity to manage resource-procedure interactions through the use of inventory, other methods must be found and used.One approach toward efficient management is to segment service users in order to identify the most appropriate resource-procedure interaction. In this study, a correctional agency that segmented its service users (offenders) by using a classification system was analyzed. It was found that even though a sophisticated classification system was in place, other elements necessary for the efficient and effective management of resource-procedure interactions were not present.     

论以订约目的为依据的合同分类

以订约目的为标准对合同进行分类具有理论与现实意义。合同当事人订立合同的目的大体可以分为四类:创设各种民商事主体的合同,如通过合同创设合伙、公司、中外合资经营企业等;创设各种民事权利的合同,如通过合同创设债权、物权、知识产权、身份权等;变更合同权利义务的合同,即通过合同对已经成立的合同进行变更;解决合同争议的合同,即通过合同解决民事争议。此四类合同各具特征。     

保健类食品分类情况浅析

“保健食品”的法律概念最早是在卫生部于1996年3月发布的《保健食品管理办法》中被明确的,而“保健类食品”则是作者结合工作实际所提出比较符合当前市场现状的一个概念。本文从保健食品、类保健食品以及保健类食品等概念出发,在深入分析国外对保健类食品的分类及管理基础上,提出对我国保健类食品管理的建议。     

>The role of subjectivity in criminal justice classification and prediction methods

Leo Katz, Bad Acts and Guilty Minds: Conundrums of the Criminal Law Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1987, vii + 343 pp.