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1.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
With a sly dig at the abusive market practices of his time,Oscar Wilde wrote that private information is practicallythe source of every large modern fortune.1 For some,it still is, despite the efforts of legislators and . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. The pieces
3. Some analysis
Purpose Retrospective disclosure Disclosure of future events
4. Why does it matter?
Improving the quality of disclosure Avoidance of time-wasting Avoidance of vexatious litigation
5. Resolving the problem
Sensible liability regime Sensible interpretation
6. Remaining problems
Multi-jurisdiction liability Forward-looking disclosure—foresight, hindsight and second sight
7. Conclusion
相似文献
- This article looks at the various elements of thedisclosure regimes for issuers that are admitted to EEA-regulatedmarkets, including the initial requirement for the productionof a prospectus on admission and on-going requirements to discloseprice sensitive information as it arises and to make regularreports to the market.
- After a brief analysis of some of thesimilarities and differences between the various regimes, thearticle makes an attempt to reconcile the differences by lookingat each regime in the context of the others and viewing themas a continuum.
- Finally, remaining problems concerning multi-jurisdictionliability for disclosure in the EEA and potential liabilityfor forward-looking disclosure are discussed.
2.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
The EU Prospectus Directive1 (the PD) was introducedin late 2003 amid a flurry of optimism and . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. The Prospectus Directive
3. Different implementation across the EEA
4. Mismatch between law and market practice—Retail cascades
(a) Use of programmes (b) Derogation
5. Liability
6. Final terms or supplements?
7. Passporting
8. Impact of other laws
Unfair contracts Financial promotion Advertising regime
9. Conclusion
相似文献
- When the EU Prospectus Directive was introduced inlate 2003, there was great optimism that it would finally leadto the long awaited pan-EEA retail capital market.
- This articleasks whether the Directive has achieved this result and looks,in particular, at the disclosure regime relating to the admissionof debt securities to EEA-regulated markets and the public offeringof such securities in the EEA.
- A number of impediments to thecross-border retail market, that are completely separate fromdisclosure, are examined.
- In conclusion, the article discusseswhether, in fact, expectations for the Prospectus Directivein this area were set too high and could never be met and looksat what more needs to be done in order to achieve the goal ofa single retail debt market in the EEA.
3.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. General
2. What has remained unchanged?
Reference Obligation-based Reference Entity Deliverable Obligations Restructuring as Credit Event Physical Settlement Cancellability
3. What has changed?
Continuity Refinancing Refinancing Designation of the Successor Credit Agreement Designation of Substitute Reference Obligation Credit Events and Restructuring Settlement Physical Settlement Cash Settlement Deliverable Obligations
4. Summary
相似文献
- European Loan Only Credit Default Swap (LCDS)documentation was published by the International Swaps &Derivatives Association, Inc. in the form of a Standard TermsSupplement and Form of Confirmation for use with Credit DerivativeTransactions on Leveraged Loans on 30 July 2007 (the EuropeanLCDS).
- This article reviews some of the changes thathave been made since the first circulation of the draft EuropeanLCDS documentation on 2 May 2006 (the Draft LCDS).
- Acomparison between the Draft LCDS, the current form of the EuropeanLCDS and the US LCDS (defined in the article below) providesan insight into how the development of the European LCDS hasrequired a compromise to be made between the needs and demandsof various market participants and the specifics of the Europeanleveraged loan market (as more fully described in our recentarticle1) and indicates points of convergence between the
. . . [Full Text of this Article]
4.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction: theory's poster children
Mexico's Collective Action Clause Meetings, amendmentsand waivers
2. Boilerplate in flux
To meet or not to meet: Gabon and Ghana Committees return: from Hungary to Georgia, via Abu Dhabi ICMA Model Creditor Committee Clause [] NoteholdersCommittee Unanimity revival
3. Conclusions: innovation questions
相似文献
- In 2003, under official pressure, amendment provisionsin standard form New York law sovereign bond contracts shiftedto resemble English law boilerplate.
- Market participants andofficials expected contracts in New York and London to convergearound a common formulation.
- Contrary to expectations, theshift away from old boilerplate did not lead to convergencearound new boilerplate.
- Issuers in London, and to a lesserdegree in New York, are experimenting with diverse terms andinstitutional arrangements.
- Amendment provisions in recentissues have used hybrid formulations, permitting holders tovote in person or by written consent, with different approvalthresholds.
- More issuers are using trust structures.
- Creditorcommittees are making a qualified comeback, though the adoptionand formulation of committee provisons does not appear to trackissuers' credit quality.
- Not all issuers agree to pay committeeexpenses.
- Some issuers have agreed to require unanimous creditorconsent to amend litigation-related terms,
. . . [Full Text of this Article]
5.
Legal context: It is no secret that IP in China is a challenge. However, commercialactivity in or with China is now predictable enough that companiescan, and should, plan for it by taking control of their supplychain. This requires a combination of legal and practical measures.This article sets out some of these steps. Key points: In order to minimize the risks of IP leakage their supply chainsin China, there are three key stages of protection: (i) Pre-sourcing;(ii) Negotiating strong contracts with suppliers; and (iii)Managing the relationship with your supply chain. Practical significance: If your clients do business in China or source products fromhere and cannot answer the following questions, their IP isat risk of infringement. They need to take steps to proactivelymanage their supply chain.
- Do your clients know which factoryis producing their products?How many links are in your clientssupply chain, each one increasingthe chances for IP infringement?
- Do your clients' agreements with their suppliers adequatelyprotect their IP?
- Have your clients taken steps to preventmidnight productionruns and backdoor salesby their suppliers?
- How is the IP being provided to them?Do your clients need togive them everything for production?
- What steps have been taken post-production to ensure thatyourclients' suppliers don't continue to manufacture theirproducts?
6.
Key points
- Fair dealing is critical to trading relationshipsin the financial markets, and the perception of fairness isjust as important as any legal restrictions on the use of materialnon-public information, perhaps more so.
- Major participantsin the global credit markets and the associations that representthem have, in recent years, published a set of principles regardingthe use of material non-public information and the safeguardsthat an active market participant should have in place to protectagainst misuse.
- Ensuring this perception of fairness promotesconfidence in markets and enhances their liquidity and transparency.
7.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
There is a Canadian . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. Recommendations and discussion
CostBenefit Analysis (Chapter 3 in the Task Force Report6) Improving access to capital markets The current Canadian regime: POP and shelf offerings The POP system Shelf prospectuses The unallocated shelf The US Public Offering Reforms A Canadian Offering Reform Proposal C-WKSI eligibility criteria C-WKSI offering documentation The C-WKSI speed advantage Private placements Broadening the accredited investor category Electronic Disclosure and Financial Literacy (Chapter 4) Hedge Funds (Chapter 6) Current regulatory regime Exempt trades Exempt securities Regulatory recommendations Disclosure Principal protected notes linked to hedge funds Manager registration Enforcement (Chapter 7)
3. Areas for future consideration
The Role of Gatekeepers (Chapter 8) Insurance Against Misinformation (Chapter 9)
4. Conclusions
Appendix
Summary of Task Force recommendations Recommendations regarding approaches to securities regulation and general principles Recommendations regarding understanding how investors make investment decisions and better meeting the needs of investors Recommendations regarding accessing the Canadian capital markets Recommendations regarding the regulation of hedge funds Recommendations regarding the enforcement of securities laws 相似文献
- The Task Force to Modernize Securities Legislationin Canada released its report entitled Canada Steps Upin October 2006. Its 65 recommendations focused on bringingCanadian securities law into the 21st century, enhancing Canada'scompetitiveness in the global marketplace and eliminating itshigher cost of capital relative to the US.
- This article reviewsand analyses the Task Force's recommendations in five criticalareas: costbenefit analysis (CBA), improving access tocapital markets, the use from electronic disclosure systemsand financial literacy, the regulation of hedge funds and finally,enforcement.
- This article also reviews two issues that receivedsignificant Task Force discussion, but were left as ideas forconsideration, namely an insurance scheme for misinformationin the capital markets and subsidizing securities analysis toimprove analyst coverage of small firms.
- Finally, conclusionsare drawn from the Task Force's deliberations and recommendationsand next steps are suggested.
8.
《Trusts & Trustees》2007,13(8):272-274
- What new legislation/regulations and case decisions concerningtrusts, or of interest to trustees, have appeared in the last12 months?
- What new legislation/regulations are expected orare under discussionfor introduction in the future?
- Whatis the basis on which trusts are recognised and enforced?
- How long does a trust take to set up?
- Are there proceduresfor formalities and annual maintenance?
- What, approximately,are the basic annual costs of maintaininga trust?
- What are your most recent anti-money laundering measures andanti-money laundering prosecutions etc?
- What reporting orother requirements are 相似文献
9.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
2. OverviewStatus of EU rules, Member States implementation and timing
Status of EU rules Implementation in Member States Timing
3. Periodic financial reporting
Overview of periodic reporting requirements under the Transparency Directive Content of annual reports and half-yearly reports and responsibility statements Content of management reports Standards remain below those for an operating and financial review Major related party transactions subject to high materiality threshold Language regime Implementation in Germanya variety of super-equivalent measures were successfully opposed by the market Implementation in the United Kingdomcertain super-equivalent provisions were supported by the market Interim management statementsa new form of quarterly reporting with uncertain content? Responsibility and liability
4. Information about major shareholdings
New notification requirements under the Transparency Directive Exemptions The UK examplesuper-equivalent rules for UK issuers and minimum standards for others The German examplenew super-equivalent 3 percent threshold for all issuers
5. Consequences for non-EEA issuers
GAAP equivalence Equivalence with respect to periodic reporting and shareholder notifications
6. Dissemination and storage of regulated information
New EU rules Implementation in the United Kingdom and Germany Central storagemoving towards a European filing system?
7. Transparency and Prospectus Directives as a system of integrated disclosure?
8. Conclusion
相似文献
- The Transparency Directive, which had to be implementedin the Member States of the European Economic Area (EEA) by20 January 2007, seeks to enhance transparency in European capitalmarkets by setting new minimum standards for periodic reportsand notifications of major holdings of voting rights. New ruleson dissemination and central storage of regulated informationwill also contribute to more transparency and drive harmonizationof disclosure practices in the longer term.
- Due to the minimumharmonization approach of the Transparency Directive, therewill be an array of different super-equivalent measures adoptedby Member States,1 creating a complex picture across Europeanjurisdictions. The article discusses the types of issues thatnational regulators and legislators considered when implementingthe Transparency Directive into national law by looking at theUK and German examples.
- The article also discusses the consequencesof implementation of the Transparency Directive for non-EEAissuers, both in
. . . [Full Text of this Article]
10.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
Approximately two years have lapsed since the implementationof the Prospectus Directive in most EU Member States, whichwas required by 1 July 2005. In spite of the Prospectus Regulationand CESR's Recommendations (on level 2, respectively level 3of the Lamfalussy process) . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. The role of CESR
3. CESR's common positions based on frequently asked questions (FAQs) with respect to disclosure practices
Use of supplemental prospectus for new offerings (FAQ no. 25) Supplemental prospectus and interim financial information (FAQ no. 16) Supplemental prospectus and profit forecast (FAQ no. 17) Conversion exemption (FAQ no. 22) Use of annual report as registration document (FAQ no. 8) Financial information of start-up entities (FAQ no. 14)
4. Disclosure practices (presently) beyond CESR's guidance
10 per cent-exemption for units in a limited partnership Disclosure issues for investment entities Risk factor disclosure
5. Conclusion
相似文献
- In February 2005, CESR issued its Recommendationsfor the consistent implementation of the Prospectus Regulation.
- SinceJuly 2006, CESR has begun to develop a line of clarificationson disclosure practices under the Prospectus Directive and theProspectus Regulation in the form of common positions basedon Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).
- This article first analysesthe question to which extent CESR's Recommendations and commonpositions have binding effect, in the sense that individualnational securities regulators are under some form of obligationto apply these.
- Subsequently, the article discusses a selectionof CESR's common positions on FAQs which are of material importancefor day-to-day disclosure practice.
11.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
The rapid growth in private equity . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. The regulatory debate
3. The FSA response––risk
4. The FSA response—regulation?
5. The industry response
6. The Treasury Select Committee Report
7. Conclusion
相似文献
- Rapid growth in private equity in recent years hasgenerated a public debate over the possibility of regulation.The Financial Services Authority (FSA), British Venture CapitalAssociation (BVCA), Treasury and the Treasury Select Committeehave all been active on this front in recent months.
- This briefingnote provides an overview of the current state of play in theUK, taking account of the final guidelines published by SirDavid Walker and the changes to capital gains tax that havebeen announced by the Treasury.
- The BVCA guidelines will bringwithin its enhanced disclosure regime around 65 portfolio companiesand will operate on a comply or explain basis.
- TheFSA has indicated that it will focus on the risks of marketabuse and conflicts of interest arising from private equitytransactions, but it does not envisage a discrete regulatoryregime for the sector.
12.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points. . . [Full Text of this Article]
1. What is the FMLC?
The Financial Law Panel The FMLC's structure and processes
2. Why is the FMLC exceptional?
3. The Way Ahead
相似文献
- The role of the Financial Markets Law Committee (FMLC)is to provide specialist assistance to those who must meet thechallenges of reforming, modernizing and applying financiallaw by identifying issues of legal uncertainty that may facethe wholesale financial markets and by working to resolve them,if possible, before they give rise to any material risk.
- Itis the author's view that the FMLC is uniquely positioned toserve rule of law values such as legal certainty and legal stability.
- Thisarticle suggests that, in the light of the challenges facingthe financial markets today, the rapid emergence of new markets,the accelerating rate of financial products innovation,the impact of recent international and European initiativesto harmonize financial markets law and the prospect of law reforminitiatives not yet even underway, the FMLC has an importantrole to play for the future.
13.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
Scholarship describes professionals who participate in securitiesofferings, and who represent public companies in . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. Background
3. Modelling law firm impact in IPOs
Theories of IPO pricing Relationship between pre-IPO price adjustment and diligence in legal services Extension of Hanley's model Conservative modelonly a portion of the impact is identified Issuer's counsel v underwriters counsel Confirming proper model specification Increased risk of an investment in the issuer affecting probability of engagement of quality law firm Different signs between issuer's lawyer and underwriters lawyer
4. Data
Summary statistics Measure of law firm prestige
- The article investigates the relationship betweenpricing in an initial public offering (IPO) and the prestigeof the participating underwriters law firm.
- The hypothesisof the article is that law firm quality affects how law firmsperform their obligations in IPOsmore prestigious lawfirms acting more independently. Consistent with this hypothesis,the authors find a negative relationship between pre-IPO priceadjustment and the participation of prestigious underwriterscounsel, and a negative relationship between the participationof prestigious underwriters counsel and initial return,which is consistent with market trading reflecting the decreasedrisk associated with offerings involving prestigious underwriterscounsel.
- Finally, it is found that certain observable characteristicsindicating diminished likelihood of undisclosed negative information(venture backing and quality of the issuer's counsel) are associatedwith an increased likelihood that prestigious underwriterscounsel is used.