The cholera epidemic of 1833 and mortality in Mexico City

The author examines the impact of the 1833 cholera epidemic in Mexico City, Mexico, on social, economic, and political aspects of life in that city. She finds that some five percent of the population died during the epidemic, and enumerates them by age and sex.     

State policy responses to the AIDS epidemic

By the end of 1987, the Centers for Disease Control reportedabout 50,000 cumulative cases of acquired immune deficiencysyndrome (AIDS) since 1981. The extent of the problem for statesvaries with the number and types of cases. States have respondedto the AIDS epidemic with varied policy initiatives: statessupport treatment of those with AIDS, develop traditional publichealth measures, regulate insurance companies, and enforce antidiscriminationlaws. The degree and content of each states responses appearto be linked most significantly to the incidence of AIDS. Nevertheless,states with strong social conservative power and a competitiveparty system have lower per case expenditures for AIDS.     

新冠肺炎疫情下方舱医护临时党支部实践与探索

作为抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的创新之举,方舱医院的迅速建立和有效运转,对疫情防控起到了重要作用。临时党组织是方舱医院顺利运行的重要政治保障和组织基础。以江汉方舱协和医护临时党支部具体实践为基础,分析面临问题,总结临时党支部推动党建工作与业务工作深度融合,把党建工作成效转化为疫情防控工作效能的做法与成效,以期为其他临时党组织提供借鉴参考。     

The Media, The Campaign, and The Message

This article examines the 1996 press releases issued by Republican presidential nominee candidates during the invisible primary and the subsequent stories generated by these press releases in newspapers. We systematically examine how campaigns structure their messages, which messages are transmitted by the press to the voting public, and what factors influence the transmission of the campaign's message. We find that campaign organizations disseminate a variety of messages to the media. Our analysis demonstrates that national media organizations are most receptive to informative (logistical) messages disseminated by candidates who are at the head of the field and most hostile to substantive (issue-oriented) messages regardless of their campaign of origin. By contrast, the state press is most open to substantive messages issued by lower-tier candidates. It appears from our results that the media, more than the campaign, bear the responsibility for the emphasis on the horse race.     

The consents of The Calculus

I study a game where two agents bargain on an agreement to replace the status quo. For their agreement to come into effect, they need the approval of a third agent. The preferences of this third agent is private information, but there is communication among agents. I study this game in the context of international agreements to provide an explanation for involuntary ratification failures. I show that under certain assumptions, the informational deficiency is incurable due to incentives to misrepresent preferences, and that a parliament whose majority is more hawkish than their executive prefers the executive to be risk averse.     

The Significance of The Administrative State

To mark the 60th anniversary of the appearance of The Administrative State by reexamining the politics–administration debate is confining and ignores Waldo's grand enterprise to describe the unique context in which American public administration emerged and developed. Instead of bemoaning or strategizing the reconciliation of a supposed schism, modern scholars should appreciate what is, in fact, a natural and necessary tension.     

从作为公平的正义到基于道德性的正义

罗尔斯的正义理论并不是从原初状态出发,而是从更深的基础:人性的道德权利出发,进而来保证自由平等权利的赋予以及作为公平的正义的实现,从这个基础上来理解作为公平的正义实质上便是基于道德性的正义。     

高校体育课教学方法改革与发展的研究

本文通过对传统教学方法的分析,找出其存在的问题和弊端.并根据素质教育应培养具有创新能力的人才的需要,提出新的教学方法,以其对高校体育教学改革提供参考.     

关于协议鉴定规则的有关问题

在我国,建立协议鉴定规则很有必要:与民事诉讼的本质相契合,弥补由法院指定专家证人或鉴定人的僵硬性,避免重复鉴定的发生.我国虽然建立了协议鉴定规则,但实践效果并不理想,这主要体现在:利用率较为低下,当事人鉴定协议后再次申请鉴定的比率非常高.完善我国的协议鉴定规则,需要确立诚信理念,强化法官的释明权,进一步完善其他相关规定.     

论第四个货币时代的到来

纸币制度推动了人类社会商品经济飞速发展,但纸币制度存在严重缺陷,带来了多种形态的经济危机,纸币制度还不是人类终极的货币制度。 电子货币时代正在向我们走来。尽管今天的电子货币还只是作为纸币的代用物形式出现,就像历史上纸币一开始也曾以金属货币代用物形式出现一样,最终电子货币会