Detection of ABO and GM system antigens in the teeth

A series of experiments using agglutination inhibition reaction and material extraction in PBS with pH 7.2 (phosphate-buffer-sedin) has been made to detect antigens of the GM system in the teeth. Parameters of the test material/serum ratio are proposed. In parallel, control specimens of blood were examined. The results of the experiments suggest that detection of Gm antigens in the teeth is feasible. In some cases this may raise an identification level of the expert conclusions. The above technique can be used for investigation of the bones.     

Specific research of antigens of the ABO system in samples of decayed blood

Liquid blood and blood stains were examined after storage under different conditions and temperature regimes ranging from 18 to 26 degrees C. Blood stains were washed by distilled water or heated to 120 degrees C for as long as 4 hours. Then, blood groups were determined by absorption-elution.     

Detection of A and B antigens of the ABO system in a single-hair stem

A method was elaborated for detection of the system ABO antigens in a single-hair stem, containing no hair bulb or vaginal tunics, through using concurrently electrophoresis in the agarous or agar gel as well as through extracting antigens from a certain gel area onto the gauze with performing subsequently the absorption-elution reaction.     

The detection of group-specific antigens in hair after its contact with blood and ejaculate]

The aim of this study was the detection of AB0 antigens extrinsic for a person in his (her) hair. The hair was kept for 1-7 days in whole or diluted blood (96 experiments) and semen (11 experiments). Only the group-specific antigens, intrinsic for the subjects whose hair was examined, were detectable in the hair after this exposure.     

The incidence of finding ABO system antigens in the population of the Russian Federation]

A total of 48,744 blood specimens collected in various regions of the Russian Federation are analyzed. There is no correlation between the incidence of this or that AB0 blood group and geographic position of a region. Blood group A is the most prevalent. In women the predominance of blood group A is the most pronounced.     

ABO tissue antigens of Egyptian mummies

ABO groups were investigated on skin (and muscle), bone and hair specimens from 14 Egyptian mummies dating from the Roman period. Samples were tested by the AE (absorption-elution), MA (mixed agglutination) and HIF (histo-immunofluorescence) methods, in order to evaluate the reliability of each method. For half of the mummies (7) the results were concordant on all samples (3-9 samples for each mummy) with all employed methods, suggesting an unequivocal blood group conclusion. For the other seven mummies there were discordant results with the different methods and interpretation of the results was thus inconclusive. HIF seems to be the most reliable method as specific blood group substances are identified on specific histologic structures. Failure to detect tissular ABO antigens was mainly due to excessive resin impregnation.     

Microbial contamination of ABO antigens in bone tissue

Fragments of human bones were stored in different media for two years and then expression of the ABO antigens was indicated. Simultaneously, microbiological investigations were performed. In almost all cases, different ABO substances were detected in putrefied and fresh bones taken from the same person. Blood group antigens found in putrefied bones were compared with serological activity of bacterium cultured from these tissues. Attempts were made to remove unspecific reactions. The authors assume that bacteria are responsible for nonspecific serological reactions, not only as a carrier of blood-group-like substances, but also as a source of enzymes responsible for changes in the structure of ABO antigens in putrefied bones.