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1.
Lev Luis Grinberg 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(1):105-116
This paper criticizes the words used to critique Israeli repression of Palestinians as ineffective for political struggle
and not critical enough. It argues that there is no single word able to comprehend the phenomenon of constant dispossession,
violent repression, and righteous blaming of Palestinian resistance as terror. Unable to suggest one comprehensive concept
that can at once describe, analyze, and criticize the phenomenon, scholars use inappropriate existing terms—like occupation,
Apartheid, colonialism, and Zionism—or invent new words like ethnocracy, politiciside, Bantustine, spaciocide, sociocide,
or symbolic genocide. All the concepts are discussed in the paper; it is argued that they are partially correct, but not totally
comprehensive. The paper aims to uncover the sophisticated regime that can co-opt every critical word, and present always
Israel as a democratic and enlightened regime, a victim of Palestinian violence. It claims that the incapacity to create a
critical language is one of the obstacles to develop effective resistance to the regime.
相似文献
Lev Luis GrinbergEmail: |
2.
Chainmaking: A Note on Ornament, Intelligence, and Building 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert Kirkbride 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(2):191-200
For the past fifteen-odd years, I’ve investigated the mutual influences of thinking and making, and their impact on design
and learning. This article reflects on the traditional role of architectural ornament in equipping a mind with metaphors for
wisdom and methods for learning. It then considers the reappearance of an ancient memory technique as an organizational metaphor
in the design of a new, forward-looking university building, as foreshadowing to the companion article “Chainbuilding.”
相似文献
Robert KirkbrideEmail: |
3.
Both politicians and academic researchers have focused on the Oslo peace agreements, generally emphasizing the “New Middle
East” and “Transnationalism.” Less attention has been paid to social and economic changes affected by the process of peace-making.
This paper examines the reality that was created from below and asks what the peace process meant to migrant Palestinian workers
in Israel. Three years of ethnography challenge accepted theories of borders and borderland in the case of Israel and Palestine
by asking what can be learned about the cultural identity of people from the ways they cross, understand, and move between
geopolitical and cultural boundaries. In the last years of the Oslo Agreements, it became clear to the workers that “peace”
meant preserving national borders: it involved a policy of separation, whereas their very livelihood depended on their ability
to move between Tel Aviv and the Gaza Strip. Torn between their national identity and their class–cultural identity, they
formulated a demand for a dialectical reorganization: a state without borders. This demand stood in opposition to the national
aspirations of Israel and the Palestinian state-in-being alike.
相似文献
Meirav Aharon-GutmanEmail: |
4.
The Ur-History of Media Space: Walter Benjamin and the Information Industry in Nineteenth-Century Paris 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jaeho Kang 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(2):231-248
This essay is primarily concerned with Walter Benjamin’s analysis of the newspaper as a media space with reference to privatization
of urban space, industrialization of public communication, and mediazation of public space in nineteenth-century Paris. I
seek to show how the information industry brought about the fundamental changes in literary practice, intellectual activity,
and the formation of a new social subject. I also demonstrate how Benjamin’s rich illustration of the complex dynamics of
media space in the nineteenth century largely avoids the shortcomings of oversimplification embedded in the analysis of the
bourgeois public sphere. In doing so, I argue Benjamin’s critical analysis that the newspaper provides a systematic framework
by which to examine the intersection between the media space and the urban experience in a digital age.
相似文献
Jaeho KangEmail: |
5.
Following the 1948 Nakba (disaster) and collapse of Palestinian society, its national project and cultural sites, a residue
of 170,000 Palestinians became citizens of the emerging state of Israel, which existed under a strict military rule until
1966. This residue was mainly illiterate villagers who were left without national and intellectual leadership. After a few
years of frightened silence, a new intellectual stratum of young poets from this group began to publish reflections on their
national situation. Intentionally simple, direct, and mainly easily memorized, their poetry became the ultimate cultural channel
to create and disseminate a Palestinian version of the 1948 war, its subsequent state, and the vision of a desired future.
These young poets gradually became the leading producers of Palestinian culture in Israel and abroad. Their poetry became
the ultimate reference point for Palestine’s national ethos and myths. Palestinians abroad named them the “poets of resistance”
and their poems were composed into inflaming national songs. But while this new intellectual strata became active cultural
producers, intervening in “the nation building process,” their social role remained ambivalent and problematic. Despite their
national enthusiasm and appeal for social change, they were unable to transgress the patriarchic rule that was hegemonic in
Palestinian society. This hegemonic narrative was interwoven in three themes: (1) using the lexicon of natural disaster to
conceptualize the 1948 events, presenting them as an irresistible natural disaster (even by God who appeared during the events
as pathetic and useless); (2) representing the Palestinian defeat in 1948 through patriarchal language of “collective shame,”
“land rape,” and “honor lost;” and (3) articulating the national liberation project as masculine, promising to liberate the
“captured land-woman” and to recover the collective honor of the nation.
相似文献
Honaida GhanimEmail: Email: |
6.
The rise of Islamic politics in the Middle East, particularly since the Iranian revolution, is the most cited example that
supposedly testifies to the “clean” separation between “Islam” and the “West.” In this essay, I argue that it is not Islamic
movements and ideology that confirm this separation. Rather, it is their incorporation into the scheme of Western modernity,
with its binary distinctions and evolutionary reading of history, which constructs this separation. Using examples from Iran
and Palestine, I show how Islamic ideology indeed defies the basic premises of Western discourse on modernity, expose its
limitations, and question the constitution of Islam and the West as allegedly distinct, even opposing, categories.
相似文献
Issam AburaiyaEmail: |
7.
Jeffrey B. Nugent 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2008,43(2):206-217
Applications of institutional analysis to the explanation of economic performance come in many flavors. Some economists have
made use of an economics-oriented flavor in treating culture as one component of that analysis. Steven Heydemann uses a more
political flavor of institutional analysis to argue that two of these economists, Douglass North and Avner Greif, have overly
simplified and homogenized the concept of culture and the way in which it affects economic performance. He goes on to identify
several instances in both the economic history and contemporary experience of the Middle East where he claims that such over-simplification
has led to shortcomings in the analysis. This paper suggests that while some of Heydemann’s claims have merit, several others
are exaggerated.
Jeffrey B. Nugent is professor of economics at the University of Southern California. He specializes in development economics and, within that field, focuses on diverse applications of both quantitative analysis and institutional analysis to various developing countries. 相似文献
Jeffrey B. NugentEmail: |
Jeffrey B. Nugent is professor of economics at the University of Southern California. He specializes in development economics and, within that field, focuses on diverse applications of both quantitative analysis and institutional analysis to various developing countries. 相似文献
8.
9.
Nir Gazit 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(1):83-103
The study of the relationships among social agency, spatial practices, and political power opens new directions for empirical
inquiry and theorization of current modalities of sovereignty. Yet, recent research has overemphasized external variables,
such as globalization and international forces, as conditioners of sovereignty and state power, with diminished attention
on national and local realms. In the following article, I investigate state power beyond the limits of its official boundaries,
by examining how intruder states produce, manage, and sustain effective authority over occupied territories and populations.
I use the example of the Israeli occupation in the West Bank to demonstrate how such cases of political authority are based
on fragmented sovereignty: comprised of multiple, localized, and relatively autonomous cores of power, instead of an all-encompassing structural and
centralized modality of control. I propose that fragmented sovereignty is shaped and operated through the increasing autonomous
power of ground level state agents and in the ways spatial perceptions and practices are interwoven into localized political
processes.
相似文献
Nir GazitEmail: |
10.
The paper analyzes everyday life as an arena of politics and choice as a form of everyday power. The paper discusses the theoretical
debate on choice and everyday life as depoliticization mechanisms and claims, as opposed to the prevailing theory, that choices
made in everyday life form politics of small things. In the various choices that women make and the way they conduct their
everyday lives, they offer an alternative sociopolitical order based on a conscious, intentional choice. The experience of
Palestinian woman citizens of Israel living in cities of mixed Jewish and Palestinian populations serves as the field of study.
I argue that the choice to live in a mixed city and everyday life in this city constitutes an alternative life space for Arab–Palestinian
women that allows them to express their opposition to both their own society and the larger Jewish society and, at the same
time, serves as a setting for social change. Arab–Palestinian women utilize the space of the mixed city to forge new ways
for themselves and their families to structure gender relations, feminine identity, class identity, and Palestinian national
identity in a largely ethnonational and gendered unequal society.
相似文献
Hanna HerzogEmail: |
11.
Yagil Levy 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(1):69-82
Israeli society has changed its attitude to the sacrifice of life in war, a change that is reflected in the bereavement discourse.
Attitudes have shifted from the unquestioned justification of military losses prior to the First Lebanon War (1982) to the
emergence of an antiwar bereavement discourse after the war and during the South Lebanon war of attrition that followed it.
More recently, following the Al-Aqsa Intifada and the Second Lebanon War (2006), a discourse that accepts losses has emerged.
While the retreat from the hegemonic discourse prior to the First Lebanon War is explained by the changing attitudes to military
sacrifice among the social elites, the latter shift took place in parallel with the alteration of the social composition of
the Israeli Defence Force. It is argued that the social composition of the military affects the level of sensitivity to losses.
While secular upper-middle class groups tend to show a high level of sensitivity to war losses, which they then translate
into a subversive bereavement discourse, religious and peripheral groups with a hawkish agenda are more tolerant of military
losses, or, alternatively, may seek to avoid excessive casualties by improving the military’s performance or the quality of
the political directives.
相似文献
Yagil LevyEmail: |
12.
Ali Burak Güven 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(2):162-187
The recent revival of interest in institutions in development studies favors the analysis of macroinstitutions and questions
of institutional origination and change. But a strong emphasis on mid-range, sectoral arrangements, and a refined notion of
continuity, can also improve our understanding of institutions in late developers—one by facilitating a thick view of institutions
while offering a sharp perspective on the current institutional reform agenda, and the other by casting new light on instances
of irregular change and failed or partial reform. The trajectory of Turkey’s agricultural support regime is used as a case
to substantiate this argument. Building on an analytic distinction between resilience and persistence, the article explains
the dynamic continuity of populist-corporatist forms of market governance in Turkish agriculture, despite the neoliberalism
of the 1980s and 1990s and radical institutional reform efforts of the 2000s.
Ali Burak Güven is a PhD candidate in political science at the University of Toronto. His dissertation examines the evolution of Turkey’s fiscal, financial, and agricultural regimes of governance. 相似文献
Ali Burak GüvenEmail: |
Ali Burak Güven is a PhD candidate in political science at the University of Toronto. His dissertation examines the evolution of Turkey’s fiscal, financial, and agricultural regimes of governance. 相似文献
13.
Memory, Empathy, and the Politics of Identification 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Alison Landsberg 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(2):221-229
This essay explores the ethical and political dimensions of what I have elsewhere called “prosthetic memories” (Landsberg,
Prosthetic memory: The transformation of American remembrance in the age of mass culture, Harvard University Press, 2004), focusing on those that are produced and disseminated cinematically. I argue that cinematic technology, by which I mean
also to include the dominant cinematic conventions and practices used in the Hollywood style of filmmaking, is an effective
means for structuring vision. Through specific techniques of shooting and editing, films attempt to position the viewer in
highly specific ways in relation to the unfolding narrative. Sometimes, in such films, viewers are brought into intimate contact
with a set of experiences that fall well outside of their own lived experience and, as a result, are forced to look as if
through someone else’s eyes, and asked to remember those situations and events as both meaningful and potentially formative.
By engaging specific strategies intended to elicit identification, films can force viewers to engage both intellectually and
emotionally with another who is radically different from him or herself. This complicated form of identification across difference
might condition viewers to see and think in ways that could foster more radical forms of democracy aimed at advancing egalitarian
social goals.
相似文献
Alison LandsbergEmail: |
14.
Caroline Beer 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(3):212-227
This article examines the relationship between democracy and gender equality. In particular, it contrasts the impact of long-term
stocks of democracy with the contemporary level of democracy and the participation of women in democracy. It contends that
democracy should be thought of as a historical phenomenon with consequences that develop over many years and decades and that women’s participation should be included as an important component of democracy. The main argument is that long-term
democracy together with women’s suffrage should provide new opportunities for women to promote their interests through mobilization
and elections. A cross-national time-series statistical analysis finds that countries with greater stocks of democracy and
longer experience of women’s suffrage have a higher proportion of the population that is female, a greater ratio of female
life expectancy to male life expectancy, lower fertility rates, and higher rates of female labor force participation.
Caroline Beer is Associate Professor of political science at the University of Vermont. She is author of Electoral Competition and Institutional Change in Mexico, published by the University of Notre Dame Press, 2003. Her research has also been published in journals such as the American Political Science Review, Comparative Politics, International Studies Quarterly, Comparative Political Studies, and Latin American Politics and Society. 相似文献
Caroline BeerEmail: |
Caroline Beer is Associate Professor of political science at the University of Vermont. She is author of Electoral Competition and Institutional Change in Mexico, published by the University of Notre Dame Press, 2003. Her research has also been published in journals such as the American Political Science Review, Comparative Politics, International Studies Quarterly, Comparative Political Studies, and Latin American Politics and Society. 相似文献
15.
This article examines policy consequences of electoral cycles and exchange rate regime choices in Brazil. The literature on
opportunistic political business cycles maintains that governments adopt expansionary economic policies before elections to
mobilize voters’ support. However, research findings in Latin America based on the theory has been inconclusive. I argue that
the lack of conclusive evidence in Latin America stems from measurement errors common in the use of cross-national aggregate
data. Using Brazil’s monthly data from 1985 to 2006, this article shows that there are electorally induced fiscal cycles under
fixed and crawling peg exchange rate regimes and electorally induced monetary cycles under floating exchange rates only when
the nation’s central bank is not independent. Indeed, accounting for Brazil’s unique economic contingencies and longitudinal
variations in the de facto central bank independence, its public policy behavior remarkably resembles that of the more affluent,
economically stable OECD countries.
Taeko Hiroi is assistant professor of political science at The University of Texas at El Paso. Her research focuses on political institutions and political economy in Latin America. Her most recent publications appear in Latin American Perspectives, Comparative Political Studies, and The Journal of Legislative Studies. 相似文献
Taeko HiroiEmail: |
Taeko Hiroi is assistant professor of political science at The University of Texas at El Paso. Her research focuses on political institutions and political economy in Latin America. Her most recent publications appear in Latin American Perspectives, Comparative Political Studies, and The Journal of Legislative Studies. 相似文献
16.
Anne Mariel Peters Pete W. Moore 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(3):256-285
Drawing on recent critiques and advances in theories of the rentier state, this paper uses an in-depth case study of the Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan to posit a new “supply and demand” approach to the study of external rents and authoritarian durability.
The Jordanian rentier state is not exclusively a product of external rents, particularly foreign aid, but also of the demands
of a coalition encompassing groups with highly disparate economic policy preferences. The breadth of the Hashemite coalition
requires that the regime dispense rent-fueled side payments to coalition members through constructing distributive institutions.
Yet neither rent supply nor coalition demands are static. Assisted by geopolitically motivated donors, the Hashemites have
adapted institutions over time to tap a diverse supply of rents that range from economic and military aid to protocol trade,
allowing them to retain power through periods of late development, domestic political crisis, and neoliberal conditionality.
Anne Mariel Peters is Assistant Professor of Government at Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT. Her recent dissertation, Special Relationships, Dollars, and Development, examines the relationship among US aid, coalition politics, and institutions in Egypt, Jordan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Her current research examines the use of donor-financed “parallel institutions” in the postwar reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan. Pete W. Moore is Associate Professor of Political Science at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. He has conducted research and published on issues of comparative political economy and US trade policy in the Middle East. His current research as a 2008–2009 Fulbright Fellow in the United Arab Emirates examines how the civil war in Iraq is reshaping regional political economies. 相似文献
Pete W. MooreEmail: |
Anne Mariel Peters is Assistant Professor of Government at Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT. Her recent dissertation, Special Relationships, Dollars, and Development, examines the relationship among US aid, coalition politics, and institutions in Egypt, Jordan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Her current research examines the use of donor-financed “parallel institutions” in the postwar reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan. Pete W. Moore is Associate Professor of Political Science at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. He has conducted research and published on issues of comparative political economy and US trade policy in the Middle East. His current research as a 2008–2009 Fulbright Fellow in the United Arab Emirates examines how the civil war in Iraq is reshaping regional political economies. 相似文献
17.
Matthew Loveless 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(2):118-136
Despite the long-standing normative assumption that, for individuals in transitional states, exposure to Western media cultivates
stronger attachments to Western political and economic values, the evidence presented here suggests otherwise. Using mass
public survey data from the mid-1990s in five Central and Eastern European countries, this article demonstrates a general
lack of support for international media’s positive contributions to individuals’ democratic attitudes and preferences for
market economies. This finding is particularly unexpected because the countries under investigation represent ideal cases
based on their proximity to Western democracies and international (Western) media sources’ capacities for extensive transnational
media penetration into the region. Yet this failure to find persuasive evidence of the influence of international media diffusion
on the development of Western political values sharpens our understanding of the process of political socialization in democratizing
countries by eliminating an assumed source and is thus relevant to students of democratization, international development,
and mass media.
Matthew Loveless is a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Oxford. His interests include how individuals learn and change both behaviors and attitudes in countries under transition. Specific to Central and Eastern Europe, he is further interested in how this shapes citizens’ attitudes toward democratic institutions, market economies, and European Union membership. 相似文献
Matthew LovelessEmail: |
Matthew Loveless is a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Oxford. His interests include how individuals learn and change both behaviors and attitudes in countries under transition. Specific to Central and Eastern Europe, he is further interested in how this shapes citizens’ attitudes toward democratic institutions, market economies, and European Union membership. 相似文献
18.
Chainbuilding: A New Building for the New New School 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert Kirkbride Shannon Mattern 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(2):201-219
Until a souring national and local economy led them to scale back their plans in 2008, The New School in New York City had
been designing a new, 500,000-ft2 “signature building” intended to embody what administrators were calling The new New School, a university committed to progressive,
interdisciplinary, urban, global education. The building was to offer glimpses of the horizon of academic infrastructure and
media and their potential impact—structural, pedagogic, and symbolic—on the university and its communities. Although the building
will not be realized in the form presented to the public in spring 2008, the design deliberations that generated that proposal
offer valuable insights into how a university might reembody its ideals in a time of intense globalization and mediatization.
Complementing Robert Kirkbride’s paper on the pedagogical practice of chainmaking and its historical relationship to learning
spaces, we examine in this paper how media can be instrumental in wayfinding, how they can help to organize a building into
various “processual” paths that reflect different approaches to learning, and how their presence in learning spaces can enhance
teaching and learning. We also discuss how the building can serve as a mediator within the community, reflecting the institution’s identity and its pedagogical philosophy.
相似文献
Shannon MatternEmail: |
19.
Alejandro Portes Lori D. Smith 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2008,43(2):101-128
We review the theoretical literature on the concept of institutions and its relationship to national development, propose
a definition of the concept, and advance six hypotheses about institutional adequacy and contributions to national development.
We then present results of a comparative empirical study of existing institutions in three Latin American countries and examine
their organizational similarities and differences. Employing the qualitative comparative method (QCA) proposed by Ragin, we
then test the six hypotheses. Results converge in showing the importance of meritocracy, immunity to corruption, absence of
“islands of power,” and proactivity in producing effective institutions. Findings strongly support Peter Evans’ theory of
developmental apparatuses.
Alejandro Portes is the Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Beck Professor of Sociology and director of the Center for Migration and Development at Princeton University. His current research is on the adaptation process of the immigrant second generation and the rise of transnational immigrant communities in the United States. His most recent books, co-authored with Rubén G. Rumbaut, are Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation and Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America (California 2001). Lori D. Smith is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include international development, organizations, and political and economic sociology. 相似文献
Lori D. SmithEmail: |
Alejandro Portes is the Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Beck Professor of Sociology and director of the Center for Migration and Development at Princeton University. His current research is on the adaptation process of the immigrant second generation and the rise of transnational immigrant communities in the United States. His most recent books, co-authored with Rubén G. Rumbaut, are Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation and Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America (California 2001). Lori D. Smith is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include international development, organizations, and political and economic sociology. 相似文献
20.
Neal P. Richardson 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(3):228-255
A new form of populism, combining broad-based benefits for urban workers with export promotion, emerged in Argentina under
Néstor Kirchner (2003–2007). This article argues that changes in agricultural production created the conditions for this “export-oriented
populism.” Historically, Argentina’s main exports, beef and wheat, were also the primary consumption goods of urban workers.
Scholars such as Guillermo O’Donnell have argued that this linkage increased rural-urban conflict, resulting in shifting coalitions
and recurring crises. Today, soybeans have replaced beef and wheat as the country’s leading export. Because soybeans are not
consumed by the working class, Kirchner could both promote and tax their export, generating fiscal revenue for populist programs
while not harming the effective purchasing power of urban workers or provoking a balance-of-payments crisis. Export orientation
thus provided the basis for a new variant of Argentine populism. This study offers a new argument within the classic research
tradition on the interaction between politics and various types of export growth. It likewise provides an additional basis
for arguing that populism, as a form of politics, can arise in diverse economic circumstances. Furthermore, this article contends
that, rather than uniformly promoting political stability, the effect of export booms is conditioned by the nature of economic
linkages between the export sector and the domestic economy.
Neal P. Richardson is a Ph.D. candidate in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. He researches the political economy of commodity exporting in South America, particularly in Argentina and Brazil. He also studies land conflict in Brazil, as well as quantitative and qualitative research methodology. 相似文献
Neal P. RichardsonEmail: |
Neal P. Richardson is a Ph.D. candidate in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. He researches the political economy of commodity exporting in South America, particularly in Argentina and Brazil. He also studies land conflict in Brazil, as well as quantitative and qualitative research methodology. 相似文献