猪脾转移因子微囊的制备及其活性检测

为了提高转移因子的稳定性,以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊材,采用乳化外部凝胶法制备猪脾转移因子微囊,并检测了其粒径大小、包封率、载药量等性质;通过小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬试验和迟发型超敏反应试验检测转移因子微囊的药理活性。结果显示,转移因子微囊呈类圆形,平均粒径为11.05μm,包封率为60.8%,载药量11.60mg/g;转移因子微囊能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,提高迟发型超敏反应的能力,效果优于转移因子。结果表明,该制备工艺简单,转移因子微囊具有较好的发展前景。     

头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及相关性质的研究

为了延长头孢噻呋钠的作用时间,采用离子交联法制备头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒,研究其形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药特性。结果显示,经优化工艺所得的纳米粒形态规整,近圆形,平均粒径为179.4±39.5nm,平均包封率为84.31%±2.53%,平均载药量为6.69%±0.18%。体外释放试验表明,原料药在放入释放介质后第4小时释放率达到90%以上,而纳米粒在此时药物仅释放60%。结果表明,该纳米粒制备工艺可行,对头孢噻呋钠具有明显的缓释效果。     

地克珠利溶液剂防治鸡球虫病的药效试验

对14日龄海兰白商品代公雏鸡分别给予高、中、低剂量的地克珠利溶液剂及加福(马杜霉素铵盐)、地克珠利预混剂,15日龄时经口向嗉囊接种柔嫩艾美球虫(Eimeria tenella)卵囊悬液0.5 mL(含球虫卵囊1.0×105个).试验第8 d测定增重率、相对增重率、盲肠病变值、卵囊值、抗球虫指数等.综合评价试验结果,以地克珠利溶液剂的中剂量效果最好,增重率达74.9%,抗球虫指数达189.6,卵囊值为0.     

替米考星肺靶向微球的研制

采用乳化-化学交联法制备了替米考星肺靶向微球,并采用高效液相色谱法,通过MCPKP药代动力学软件分析,验证了该替米考星明胶微球在兔体内的肺靶向性。结果显示,替米考星明胶微球性质稳定、分散良好,且带有正电荷,平均粒径为11.20μm,粒径5.0～25.0μm的微球占总数的95.65%;载药量为39.83%,包封率为70.47%;形态圆整;体外释药半衰期(T50)为5.99 h,约在35 min时有突释效应,随后缓慢释放。替米考星明胶微球对肺的靶向效率较心脏、肌肉、肝和肾分别提高了5.05、3.04、4.60、3.47倍;肺、心脏、肌肉、肝和肾的相对摄取率分别为8.48%、1.72%、2.79%、1.85%和2.44%;肺、心脏、肌肉、肝和肾的峰浓度比分别为2.19、0.41、0.64、0.75和0.84。表明用优化的制备工艺制得的替米考星明胶微球有良好的肺靶向性,同时可以减轻替米考星的心脏毒性。     

吡喹酮脂质体的研制

以氢化豆磷脂和胆固醇为膜材 ,采用逆相薄膜蒸发法制备了吡喹酮脂质体 (PZQ Lip)。经电镜和光镜检测显示 ,PZQ Lip粒径大部分为 2～ 5 μm ,并以大单层脂质体为主 ;3批PZQ Lip的平均包封率为 71.8%± 2 .2 % (n =3 ) ,平均含药量为 8.9%± 0 .2 % (n =3 ) ;用建立的反相高效液相色谱法 (RP HPLC)检测PZQ时 ,简便、准确 ;绝对平均回收率按照低、中、高 3个浓度水平 ,依次为 99.7%± 1.4%、99.8%± 1.7%、99.5 %± 1.8%     

头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体的制备及表征

优选头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体的处方工艺并对其理化性质进行考察,为奶牛乳房炎的治疗提供参考。以无水乙醚为助溶剂,磷酸缓冲液(PBS,pH=6.3)为水化剂,采用逆向蒸发-薄膜分散法制备头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体。以头孢噻呋钠与卵磷脂质量比、卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比、无水乙醚与PBS的体积比为考察因素,包封率为评价指标,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验设计优选处方。利用紫外分光光度法测定头孢噻呋钠含量,超滤离心法测定头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体的包封率。以纳米激光粒度仪测定脂质体的粒径,光学显微镜和透射电镜观察其形态,体外释药曲线计算脂质体的累计释放率。结果显示,头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体的最佳处方工艺为膜材比为4∶1,药脂比为1∶5,有机相与水相的比为3∶1。所得脂质体包封率为61.8%±1.14%,平均粒径为86.74 nm,多分散指数(PDI)为0.23。头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体标准曲线为A=24.549C+0.1246,平均回收率为98.44%,RSD均小于1%。头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体在6 h内累计释放率为65%以下,而同样时间内头孢噻呋钠累计释放率超过80%,头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体的释放率较头孢噻呋钠更缓慢。结果表明,以逆向蒸发-薄膜分散法制备的头孢噻呋钠纳米脂质体较头孢噻呋钠有缓释性。其形态为椭圆、均一无黏连聚集的球形,粒径分布均匀、包封率高。     

转移因子纳米脂质体的制备及其体内吸收情况的观察

采用逆相蒸发法制备转移因子脂质体(TFL),以包封率为优化指标,正交试验优选最佳配方;电镜下观察TFL形态,紫外法检测包封率和渗透率;并用电镜观察用药后小白鼠小肠的吸收情况。结果,确定的最佳制备工艺为:卵磷脂与胆固醇的摩尔比为2∶1,转移因子(TF)浓度为6 mg/mL,吐温-80为1 mL,有机相与水相的体积比为4∶1。电镜下大部分TFL粒径小于100 nm,分布均匀,包封率高达49.5%,4.5个月后的渗透率为52.4%。采用优选工艺制备的转移因子纳米脂质体具有一定的稳定性,而且小肠内吸收良好。     

伊维菌素聚乳酸微球的研制及其体外释药试验

以生物可降解材料聚乳酸（ＰＬＡ）为载体,用乳化溶剂挥发法制备含伊维菌素（ＩＶＭ）的聚乳酸微球,采用Ｌ１８（３７）正交设计,以微球粒径分布为主要优选指标,筛选出最佳制备条件。所得微球药物包封率高,粒径分布理想,大小适合注射给药;体外释药试验微球无明显突释现象,可缓慢地以接近恒速释药。     

响应曲面法优化硒太子参多糖纳米微球的制备工艺

本试验旨在研究响应曲面法优化硒太子参多糖纳米微球的制备工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面法考察有机相(O)和内水相(W)之比、PLGA的浓度、泊洛沙姆(F68)浓度对硒太子参多糖纳米微球包封率的影响。结果表明,硒太子参多糖纳米微球的最佳制备工艺如下:O∶W为4.83,PLGA浓度为45.07 mg/m L,F68浓度为0.39%,此时硒太子参多糖纳米微球的包封率为92.46%,平均粒径为133.3 nm,zeta电位为-28.08 m V。扫描电镜结果显示,SRPP-PLGA-NPs粒径均匀,表面光滑圆整,粒子之间界限清晰,无黏连现象,具有较好的稳定性。结论表明,采用响应面法对太子参多糖纳米微球的制备工艺的条件进行优化合理可行。     

香芹酚纳米脂质体的制备及抑菌性能

通过纳米脂质体包埋技术,采用熔融乳化超声法制备香芹酚纳米脂质体,以提高对脂溶性香芹酚的包封并改善其释放性能,为改善畜禽肠道健康提供参考。通过单因素试验和响应面试验对工艺进行优化,并对最佳工艺条件下制备的香芹酚纳米脂质体进行结构表征、稳定性、体外释放性能和抑菌活性探究。结果表明,制备香芹酚纳米脂质体的最佳工艺条件为香芹酚0.35 g、油酸与硬脂酸（质量比为1∶1）1.89 g、羊毛脂3.1 g、超声时间8 min,此条件下香芹酚纳米脂质体的包封率为89.92%,平均粒径为276 nm,平均电位为-38.26 m V,在透射电镜下观察到的香芹酚纳米脂质体呈圆球状且形态规整。稳定性分析结果表明,香芹酚纳米脂质体适宜低温储藏,40℃以上会严重破坏其稳定性,金属离子的影响顺序为K+>Ca2+>Na+。体外释放试验结果显示,香芹酚纳米脂质体在4 h内缓慢释放,能够有效提高香芹酚的生物利用度。在抑菌试验中发现,与游离香芹酚相比,该纳米脂质体对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果明显提高。     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!     

Name-list of Members of the Standing Committee of the (11)~th Executive Council (in alphabetical order of the surname's first letter)

正I.Political Parties and Government Sector Lu Yan Director,Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce Tong Guili Member,Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Secretary,CPC Working Committee,Administrative Commission for the Sci-Tech and Innovation Industrial Park in west Hangzhou City     

FES Head of Department for International Development Cooperation Visits China

正At the invitation of CAFIU,Mme.Christiane Kesper,Director of the Department for International Development Cooperation of Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung of Germany(FES)visited China from Oct.9 to 14.During the stay in Beijing,Mr.Li Jinjun,Vice-Minister of IDCPC and Executive Vice-President of CAFIU met with     

Neighboring NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of CAFIU,a 13-member neighboring NGO delegation composed of representatives from media and think tanks from Nepal and the Philippines visited China from October 25 to November 5.During its stay in China,CAFIU Vice-President Ai Ping met with the delegation.CAFIU Secretary-General Ni Jian,Deputy SecretaryGeneral Liu Kaiyang had working talks