访谈法在社会科学研究中的应用

访谈法是访谈者通过对访谈对象进行访谈而对社会现象进行调查的方法。访谈者应按照一定的原则和程序实施访谈 ,并在访谈中讲究技巧 ,以降低访谈法固有的局限     

邓小平领导决策取向问题探讨

决策思想是邓小平领导思想的重要组成部分。邓小平决策思想按其内在的逻辑顺序,可分为价值取向,目标取向和方法取向。价值取向是决策的前提和依据;目标取向是决策要达到的目标;方法取向是实施目标所采用的手段。3者缺一不可,共同构成了邓小平决策思想的完整体系。     

观察法在社会科学研究中的应用

观察法是观察者为了验证某些理论假设而有计划地对社会现象进行察看的社会调查方法。观察法有其他研究方法无法取代的优势，也有独特的局限性。为了扬长避短，需要在实施现察法时坚持客观性原则、全面性原则、高信度原则、目的性原则和计划性原则。旁现现察法和参与观察法是观察法的主要形式。     

导致过度劳动因素的贡献估计 —— 基于因变量方差分解法

过劳是一种不健康状态,危害严重。有诸多因素导致过劳。估计这些因素对过劳贡献所采用的计量方法大多为回归分析、相关分析等,可以发现导致过劳的显著变量并估计其边际贡献,但不能估计这些变量对过劳贡献的比重,据此难以确定反过劳政策的重点。因变量方差分解法用于估计自变量对因变量方差的贡献,可用于估计导致过劳的因素对过劳的贡献。研究显示,导致过劳因素依其对过劳的贡献依次为:劳动强度、工作时间、工作满意度、应酬状况、工资拖欠状况、相对支付能力、工作环境、年龄、城市级别、性别、工作单位类型等。     

gendering markets,gendering food: women,law and markets in the New York City food system, 1800–1840

This paper is a response to scholars who have called for exploring and interrogating new strategies of data collection and new approaches to more traditional methods, such as interviewing in the context of the internet. Drawing on feminist standpoint theory, ‘reflexive email interviewing’ is proposed as a method for feminist research. The method is illustrated using a recent case study of email interviews with self-identified women who are members of World Pulse, an online community that aims to unite and amplify women’s voices worldwide. Through this case study, issues of power and resistance in the researcher/researched relationship and of participant reflexivity are interrogated. Lastly, criteria for reflexive email interviewing are proposed, including 1) strategies to interrogate and disrupt power hierarchies within the research process, 2) researcher reflexivity as a continuous part of the research process, and 3) continued invitations for participants to directly reflect on and respond to the research process. Reflexive questions are offered for researchers to use during research design and in each phase of their research process to ensure reflexivity is achieved.     

关于提高北京市最低工资标准的思考与分析

北京市自1994年开始实施最低工资制度。十四年来,这一制度对于保障低收入人群的基本生活,缩小收入分配差距,促进企业的技术创新等都发挥了很好的作用。但在运行中最低工资标准增长缓慢且水平偏低的矛盾日益凸显。其原因表现在两个方面:一是提高最低工资标准受到理论制约;二是最低工资标准的测算方式不规范。北京市应按照国际惯例,将最低工资标准提高至社会平均工资的40%至60%,同时规范最低工资的测算方式。     

国有控股企业职工董事问题刍议

建立职工董事、监事制度被认为是完善公司治理结构的有效方法 ,但在理论上还存在一些逻辑上的问题 ,在实践中也存在许多操作上的问题 ,主要是各利益主体之间的矛盾及外部环境与条件的限制。因此 ,解决这些问题最为有效的途径即建立职工持股制度。     

Political economy,the Agrarian question and the comparative method

This is the text of an Inaugural Lecture, given at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, on 28 October, 1994. In it the case for classical political economy, and especially its Marxist variant, as a means of analysing the problems of economic development, is argued. Three major preoccupations of classical political economy are identified: accumulation, class and the state. The agrarian question is considered, and the significance of these in its analysis is posited. With the agrarian question in mind, the importance of the comparative method is urged. Some problems associated with the comparative method are considered, and, in the political economy context, the strength of the case‐oriented rather than the variable‐oriented variant of the comparative approach is stressed.     

浅谈发挥企业工会作用的方法与途径

企业工会是我国工会的重要组织基础和工作基础。发挥企业工会作用,促进企业发展,维护职工权益,积极探索发挥企业工会作用的方法与途径,适应广大职工对企业工会的新的更高的要求,是工会工作者义不容辞的责任。     

An approach to the construction of affective evaluation instruments

This paper describes a method by which researchers can construct affective evaluation instruments. This method emphasizes a set of key questions which can be asked as the researcher begins to define an affective construct, to decide on a measurement procedure, and to develop a framework upon which to base items. A mapping sentence is used to combine elements of a construct in ways which suggest types of items that can be generated. The method, which is heuristic, is applied to a construct which presumes to describe personal perceptions of adequacy as a student. The paper is based on the assumption that affective evaluation instruments ought to be constructed first as the result of a priori specifications of a construct and the results then submitted to empirical manipulations.Received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Main research interests are measurement and evaluation of affective consequences of schooling.     

The value of narrative in understanding Mongolian and Australian women's journeys of survival recovery and remaking of self,through and beyond domestic violence

In this article I argue that a narrative method and analysis may work across cultures to aid in the understanding of women's experiences of survival, recovery and remaking of self following domestic violence. This article draws on a cross-cultural narrative analysis of eleven Mongolian and eleven Australian women's stories of survival, recovery and remaking of self following domestic/intimate partner violence. The very diversity of the Mongolian and Australian women offers a case for the value of narrative method. The focus of the article is the rationale for and explanation of feminist, qualitative, cross-cultural and narrative research methods which underpinned the study. Interspersed throughout the discussion are illustrative excerpts from the women's stories which support the argument that there are some deep similarities between the experiences of Mongolian and Australian women.     

区域性行业性职代会调研报告--以浙江省为例

区域性行业性职代会制度是解决非公有制小、微型企业民主管理、集体协商集体合同问题的一项重要制度。浙江省已逐步推行区域性行业性职代会制度,并得到非公有制小、微型企业较为集中的街道乡镇、村、社区、基层工会组织和其企业组织的初步认可。但也存在一些需要解决的问题。     

A survey of academic approaches to agrarian transformation in post-war Greece

Discussed here are the interpretations of agrarian transformation in Greece during the post-war period. These are divided roughly into developmentalist, populist and ethnographic arguments. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of an interdisciplinary method in order to understand patterns of rural change, without attributing a determining role either to a political economy perspective or to an a-historical concept of community. Using the example of ethnohistory, this survey argues for an effective comparative ethnography of rural change, thereby overcoming the usual distinction between macro and micro-analysis.     

关于工会经费税务代收的分析

本文对近年来工会经费税务代收的做法进行了较深入的剖析,通过实际调查分析了一些地方具体实行后出现的各种问题.笔者建议,应借鉴国外一些好的做法,使收缴的经费真正用于维护职工群众的合法权益,避免出现工会经费仅仅成为工会机关和干部的福利保障.     

关于任务型教学法的几个问题

任务教学法是教师通过引导学生完成各种任务来实现教学目标,即用目标语进行有目的交际的教学活动。任务型教学法分为“结构型”、“交际型”和“中间型”三种模式。结合我国外语教学实践,“中间型”模式更适合我国外语教学。     

Women negotiating heterosex: Implications for AIDS prevention

The AIDS epidemic has made it imperative that sexual behaviour be changed. This paper examines heterosexual negotiation, which will form the focus for behaviour change. The processes involved in such negotiation are little understood.Research was carried out using the method memory work, which generated and theorised data relating to women's past experiences in sexual encounters. The method, originated by Haug, provides a way to examine how sexuality is produced and reproduced through reflection and reconstruction of past experiences. Memories are analysed by examining gaps and absences, cliches and metaphors, in the search for the common understandings and taken-for-granted assumptions which set the boundaries within which encounters take place.The memories obtained can be partly understood in terms of three discourses documented by Hollway. These are the male sex drive discourse, the have/hold discourse, and the permissive discourse. The data may also be understood in relation to three permissible figures for women identified in Irigaray's analysis, namely virgin, wife-mother, and whore. The paper acknowledges that these theoretical perspectives are quite distinct, even contradictory, but nevertheless finds that each in its own way illuminates the data. It is shown that some common understandings underlying sexual encounters render negotiation not only impossible but largely unintelligible. The permissive discourse may possibly provide space for some negotiation, but the paper concludes that it is essential to develop a truly woman-centered discourse of sexuality out of which male sexuality can be problematised.     

Toward a holistic paradigm for Asian American Women's Studies: A synthesis of feminist scholarship and women of color's feminist politics

In this paper I propose a Women's Studies method for an Asian American Studies curriculum by incorporating a women-centred feminist historical approach and a holistic feminist anthropological approach with American women of color's feminist politics with an emphasis on the interconnectedness of sexism, racism, classism and homophobia in the American social systems and cultural ideologies.My work is based on the belief that an Asian American Women's Studies method must be founded on a feminist politics which is specifically derived from their own definition of themselves and feminism which are based on multiple consciousness raising and multiple identities of gender, race, ethnicity, class and sexuality.     

EVA、REVA、MVA在企业业绩评价中的利弊分析

EVA是西方近年来兴起的一种经营业绩评价方法 ,REVA、MVA则是对EVA的修正和完善 ,但也存在不足与局限。比较分析它们的优缺点 ,可以对有关实际应用提供一些参考     

浅议成人教育教学法

提高成人高等教育教学质量的关键在于课堂教学.应提倡互动式的教学,重视启发式、讨论式、案例式、研究式的教学方法,将教与学置于研究探讨的氛围之中,将理论教学融入案例和实证分析之中.使学生在获取感性认识的基础上,增强理论认识,将所学知识运用于自身工作实践.     

Scoring women on their labor changes

Women have less opportunities in the labour market than have men. Theories and material on inequality between the sexes are available, but it is not possible to determine accurately the precise handicap that women experience: an adequate means of measurement is lacking.In this article, the theoretical basis for the new complex variable LCS (Labour Chances Score) is described. LCS is developed to enable the measurement of the labour chances of arbitrary groups on the labour market, and to compare them. The LCS method has made the available qualitative data quantifiable. Scores are measured on the four elements of LCS: (being subject to) regulations; (being subject to) expectations; (unfolding) qualifications; (participation in) communication.The LCS mothod is to be used for policy research, as well in the emancipation of working women. Once a low score on a LCS-element is found, policy can be made to remove it.