中国在南海的历史性权利

历史性权利是国际法上的基本理论问题之一,产生于确定领海基线的国家实践之中。历史性权利的内涵主要包括历史性所有权、传统捕鱼权和历史性航行权。沿海国对历史性水域的历史性所有权是一种主权性质的权利,传统捕鱼权和历史性航行权是历史性权利的题中之义。对大陆架非生物资源一般不能主张和取得历史性权利。中国开发、管控南海的历史以及中国的实践表明:中国对南海诸岛享有领土主权,在南海断续线内海域享有历史性权利,主要包括对琼州海峡等历史性水域的历史性所有权、传统捕鱼权和历史性航行权。南海断续线代表了中国对南海诸岛的领土主权和在南海的历史性权利。     

中国现时期地方法的渊源

除台湾地区和香港、澳门特别行政区之外,中国现时期地方法的渊源是指中国大陆的地方性立法;根据立法法确定的法的渊源体系,地方法的渊源包括一般地方制定的地方性法规、民族自治地方制定的自治法规、经济特区根据最高国家权力机关的授权制定的法规以及省级政府、省会市和较大的市政府制定的地方政府规章。     

Public Rewards and Innovation Policy: Lessons from the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

There has been renewed interest in recent years in using prizes and rewards to promote innovation. History has played a central role in public debates in the UK about the merits of such interventions, with the Longitude Prize 2014 being self‐consciously modelled on its eighteenth century precursor. Similarly, historical case studies have been used extensively in the scholarly literature in this area. However, it is striking that there has been little engagement with parliament's role generally in rewarding inventors in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and how this formed part of a broader system of rewards. The article explores how this system operated and demonstrates that it formed an established part of the legal landscape for many decades. It considers the extent to which a more complete understanding of the historical use of prizes and rewards during the key period of Britain's industrialisation might inform current debates.     

从国际法角度看中日东海划界争端——兼论日本主张的无理性

海洋划界需要有关国家通过协议实现公平解决,一国单方面确定国际海洋边界并将之强加于对方的行为是国际法所不许可的。就中日东海划界而言,由于冲绳海槽中断了两国领土在这一区域的自然延伸,因此公平的大陆架划界结果应当是一条位于冲绳海槽轴线和日本200海里界限线之间的等距离线。而专属经济区界线则应当是一条调整的海岸中间线,但有关基点必须由双方协商确定,同时做有利于中国的调整以反映出两国海岸线长度间的重大差别。因此,日本在东海单方面划定的中间线是毫无国际法根据的。由于划界最终极有可能产生两条不同的海床和上覆水域界线,因此两国还需就有关重叠部分的管辖权分配问题做出安排。     

从法律责任角度重新认识法学基本理论问题八议

传统法理学者存在不少与部门法理论和法制实践相矛盾的观点,这与法律责任理论的错误有关。本文从法律责任角度,对我国传统法理学中若干基本理论观点提出了不同的看法。     

南海权益的行政法保护

受中国海洋行政执法体制的影响,行政法保护机制在南海权益维护中的作用受到了限制.为了改变目前南海行政执法的现状,应结合《联合国海洋法公约》完善中国海洋法律体系,建立统一的执法机构,赋予行政职权,并简化执法程序,以维护中国南海权益.     

南海区域安全与区域化法律准则认同探究

区域合作不仅仅在于利他主义的形成,重要的是在合作博弈中的均衡。合作与竞争之间是一种对立关系,有序的竞争才能等于合作。然而,任何竞争要想实现有序性必须有安全作保障,没有安全的竞争必然是一场战争。同样南海区域中的各个国家的竞争更需要安全作保障,而南海区域安全与区域内的法律准则的认同有着直接的关联性。历史的经验证明了只有中国才能实现这种目标,也只有中国主导下的区域法治才能够实现南海区域内的竞争是有序的。对区域安全及主权理论的反思有利于推导出区域内危险根源——主权理论扭曲,与竞争有序性的必要条件——区域化法律准则的认同与中国主导下的区域法治。     

The Spanish School of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: A Precursor of the Theory of Human Rights

In this paper the author examines certain ideas of the Spanish School of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries which directly inspired the School of Hugo Grotius in the seventeenth, thus opening the way towards possible declarations of human rights such as that of United Nations. The line of thought which extends from Francisco de Vitoria (1492/93–1546) to Francisco Suárez (1548–1617) is given the name of the "Spanish natural law and law of nations School."     

论南海仲裁案的法律与政治——国际批判法学的视角

南海仲裁案深刻地蕴含着法律与政治之间的关系。国际法中的政治主要是指国家政治,即国家根据自身利益和意志而行动。国际法中还存在由超越国家政治的组织来调整国家行为的理想,这种理想属于国际主义。然而在现实中,国际主义往往被国家政治所利用,从而产生了虚假的国际主义。虚假的国际主义是貌似合法但实质上不正当的国家政治。菲律宾、临时仲裁庭和美国、日本都属于虚假的国际主义,分别对应工具的国际主义、错误的国际主义和虚伪的国际主义。国际批判法学揭示了这三者所涉法律背后的政治。     

中国财经法学教育研讨会综述

近日,中央财经大学法学院在成立挂牌之际,隆重举行了中国财经法学教育研讨会。来自最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、中国法学会、教育部高等教育司、中国律师协会、中国银行业监督管理委员会近百名专家学者共聚一堂,系统探讨复合型高层次法律人才培养问题。中国法学会副会长孙在     

中国东海法律问题

In the most range of the East China Sea, the exploiting oil and gas have been blocked for decades by conflicting claims to the boundaries and islets by China and Japan. For the sake of addressing conflicts in a comprehensive cooperation by bilateral and multilateral agreements aiming at reducing rising tensions and harvesting resources in disputed areas, it has become a key issue worthy of research. Zhou Zhonghai is a professor of international law and director of the International Law Center in China University of Political Science and Law. He was a senior visiting scholar of the Law School, University of Virginia (1991). As a legal adviser of the Chinese delegation to the third UN conference on the law of the sea, he once attended the drafting committee conference. His main works include Comments on International Law (2001), International Law of the Sea (1987), Legal Problems on International Economic Relations (1993), Peace, Justice and Law (1996), Technologic Progress and Development of the Law of the sea (1998), Law Dictionary (1998), Business Law in China, Trade, Investment and Finance (1997), On the Case of Agusto Pinochet Ugarte (1999). In addition, he has published many essays, for instance, Zhonghai Zhou’s essays on international law (2006), Jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (2005), International law and its functions in international relations (1997), On diplomatic protection for the overseas investments (2007).     

南海U形线外源自我国的水下文化遗产保护:机制、困境与出路

对南海U形线外源自我国的水下文化遗产,除作为水下文化遗产的国家船舶及军舰外,《联合国海洋法公约》没有为我们主张相关权益提供明确的法律依据.《保护水下文化遗产公约》规定的通知报告义务及协调国制度,有利于我国在较短时间内知悉南海周边其他国家在其专属经济区及大陆架上对源自我国的水下文化遗产的发现及有意开发活动,并能参与相关水下文化遗产保护活动,但仅以此作为我国加入该公约的理由不够充足.当前,对南海U形线外源自我国的水下文化遗产保护,我国应着重于主张国有船舶及军舰的所有权、对区域内源自我国的水下文化遗产考虑与商业打捞公司进行合作、积极寻求双边条约或地区条约的签订.     

Herzl's legal and economic views in The Jewish State: A scorecard

This paper compares Theodor Herzl's conception of the legal and economic institutions he envisioned in The Jewish State with those functioning Israel in 1995. His main goal, the establishment of a Jewish state, was achieved, but what has developed is not quite what Herzl expected, due mainly to the enormous burdens of defense. Nevertheless, many of the legal and institutional features of the economy he envisioned are in place, although in altered form.